胡家渝.微型轴流风机低温失效分析[J].装备环境工程,2015,12(4):154-159. HU Jia-yu.Analysis on Failure of Micro Axial Fan in Low-temperature Environment[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering,2015,12(4):154-159.
微型轴流风机低温失效分析
Analysis on Failure of Micro Axial Fan in Low-temperature Environment
投稿时间:2013-03-21  修订日期:2015-08-15
DOI:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2015.04.030
中文关键词:  四轴流风机  无刷直流电机  失效  失效机理
英文关键词:axial fan  BLDC  failure  failure mechanism
基金项目:
作者单位
胡家渝 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所,成都 610036 
AuthorInstitution
HU Jia-yu Southwest Institution of Electronic Technology, Chengdu 610036, China 
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中文摘要:
      目的 研究分析风机低温失效的问题。方法 通过研究目前市场上及工程中常用的轴流风机驱动的机电模式及结构形式, 分析正常产品驱动电路板的组成, 采用替换法, 并结合目前装备所处的环境条件综合分析。结果 微型轴流风机的润滑油在长期低温储存后发生凝冻转动阻力增大, 结合轴承的一种特定失效模式, 低温加剧了这一模式的进行的速度, 使得转子的转动阻力增大进一步恶化。在加电启动时, 由于低温时电路的阻抗小, 直流无刷电机的堵转电流较常温时增大约2倍以上, 从而导致电机驱动电路烧毁。同时由于电机堵转, 电机铁芯热损增大, 长期堵转后进一步导致线圈漆包线漆皮的烧毁, 直至风机电机彻底烧毁。结论 与通常认为低温下出现失效的情况很少相反, 低温状态下, 由于润滑油的凝冻, 轴承可能加速失效, 可使风机在低温存储后的一次启动或多次启动中出现烧毁现象。
英文摘要:
      Objective To study the issue of failure of axial fan in low temperature. Methods Through research of the mechanical structure and the driver's circuit system of the typical axial fan in the market and commonly used in engineering, the composition of the diver circuit board of normal products was analyzed. The integrated analysis was conducted on the failure issue in the current environmental conditions by replacement method. Results The rotary resistance of the micro axial fan increased due to congelation of lubricating oil after long-term storage in low temperature. In combination, the low temperature accelerated the special failure mechanism of the bearing, making the increase of the rotary resistance of the rotor even greater. In addition, during the electrical start-up process, compared to normal temperature, the locked-rotor current of the brushless DC motor (BLDC) increased by over 2 times due to the small resistance of circuit at low temperature, thus causing overburning of the motor driver circuit. Meanwhile, due to motor stalling, the heat damage of the motor iron increased and the long-term stalling further caused burning of enamelled wire thus leading to the total burning of the fan motor. Conclusion In contrast to the general thought that failure at low temperature rarely appears, the burning situation of fan occurs during the process of one-time or multiple startup after storage in low temperature due to congelation of lubricating oil and acceleration failure of bearing.
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