综合阐述了风机叶片覆冰检测与防覆冰涂层技术的研究现状。在覆冰检测方面,将其方法分为直接法、间接法与数学模型法,详细介绍了超声波检测、热传感技术检测、光纤传感检测技术、电容式传感器检测技术等直接检测法的原理及应用实例,分析了间接法基于环境条件监测和功率曲线偏差检测的特点,以及大数据模型利用风电场数据和机器学习算法构建模型的研究成果,并对各检测方法的性能进行了比较。在防覆冰涂层技术上,重点论述了疏水性涂层（包括有机硅类和有机氟类涂层）、光热型涂层及其他功能涂层的作用原理、材料特性和存在问题。疏水性涂层依据水滴与叶片表面接触角影响覆冰黏附率的原理发挥作用,光热型涂层借助太阳光热能实现防覆冰,但受天气影响较大,其他功能涂层则朝着多功能复合方向发展。最后指出了未来研究应致力于整合检测方法优势,提升涂层综合性能和降低成本,以保障风电行业在复杂气候下的稳定运行,推动可再生能源发展。
Abstract
This paper comprehensively reviews the current research status of icing detection methods and anti-icing coating technologies for wind turbine blades. In terms of icing detection, the methods are categorized into direct, indirect, and mathematical modeling approaches. Direct detection techniques such as ultrasonic detection, thermal sensing, fiber-optic sensing, and capacitive sensors are detailed with their principles and practical applications. Indirect methods based on environmental monitoring and power curve deviation analysis are discussed, along with research resultson big data models integrating wind farm data and machine learning algorithms. The performance of various detection methods iscompared. For anti-icing coatings, this review focuses on hydrophobic coatings (including silicone and fluorinated polymers), photothermal coatings, and other functional coatings, elucidating their action mechanisms, material properties, and limitations. Hydrophobic coatings reduce ice adhesion by manipulating the contact angle of water droplets, while photothermal coatings rely on solar thermal energy for de-icing but are weather-dependent. Emerging multifunctional composite coatings represent a promising development direction. Finally, it is pointed out thatfuture research should aim to integrate detection method advantages, enhance coating performance, and reduce costs to ensure stable operation of wind power in complex climates and promote renewable energy development.
关键词
风机叶片 /
叶片覆冰检测 /
传感器技术 /
防覆冰涂层 /
疏水性涂层 /
功能涂层
Key words
wind turbine blades /
icing detection on blades /
sensor technology /
anti-icing coatings /
hydrophobic coatings /
functional coatings
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