目的 针对引信电子安全系统中开关器件易受强电磁干扰问题,对比分析孔缝和连接线缆的存在对电子安全系统干扰耦合的影响。方法 利用全波电磁仿真软件,建立引信场路协同仿真模型,在外部强电磁干扰辐射下,引信孔缝和连接线缆对引信内电路板电场强度分布的影响,重点关注开关器件上电压以及电压变化率dv/dt的耦合情况,进一步提出抗电磁干扰改进措施。结果 电路板上,耦合干扰主要分布在PCB板边缘、器件较为集中区域。仅存在孔缝时,开关器件上最大耦合电压为0.15 V,电压变化率为2 V/ns,当连接线缆和孔缝同时存在时,器件上最大耦合电压达到2.1 V,电压变化率达到500 V/ns。在接缝涂敷吸波材料和更换屏蔽线缆后,开关器件上最大耦合电压降为0.6 V,dv/dt为50 V/ns,且电路板上强耦合区域减小,电场变化平缓。结论 孔缝和连接线缆的存在会加大电磁干扰,孔缝填充导电胶和线缆增加屏蔽层等手段可限制干扰耦合区域,提高抗干扰能力,为电子安全系统电路布局设计提供依据。
Abstract
To address the vulnerability of switching devices in electronic safety systems for fuzes to strong electromagnetic interference, the work aims to compare and analyze the impact of aperture gaps and connecting cables on interference coupling within the electronic safety system. A field-circuit co-simulation model was established for the fuze with the full-wave electromagnetic simulation software. Under external strong electromagnetic interference, the effects of fuze apertures and connecting cables on the electric field distribution within the fuze circuit board were investigated, with a specific focus on the coupling of voltage and voltage change rate (dv/dt) on switching devices, further proposing improvements for enhancing electromagnetic interference resistance. The coupled interference on the circuit board primarily concentrated at PCB edges and areas with high device density. In the scenario where only the aperture was present, the maximum coupled voltage on switching devices reached 0.15 V, accompanied by a dv/dt of 2 V/ns. When both the aperture and connecting cables existed simultaneously, the maximum coupled voltage on devices increased to 2.1 V, and the dv/dt rose to 500 V/ns. After the absorptive material was applied to the gaps and the original cables were replaced with shielded ones, the maximum coupled voltage on the switching devices decreased to 0.6 V, with the dv/dt dropping to 50 V/ns. Additionally, the areas of strong coupling on the PCB diminished, and the changes in the electric field became more gradual. The presence of gaps and connecting cables amplifies electromagnetic interference. Measures such as filling gaps with conductive adhesive and adding shielding layers to cables can limit interference coupling zones and enhance immunity, providing a basis for circuit layout design in electronic security systems.
关键词
电磁干扰 /
电子安全系统 /
仿真计算 /
引信 /
电磁防护 /
电磁屏蔽 /
误触发
Key words
electromagnetic interference /
electronic safety system /
simulation calculation /
fuze /
electromagnetic protection /
electromagnetic shielding /
false trigger
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