火箭弹和导弹意外点火起飞时的引信安全性问题分析

王雨时

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.04.002

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4) : 11-22. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.04.002

武器装备

火箭弹和导弹意外点火起飞时的引信安全性问题分析

王雨时

作者信息 +

Analysis of Fuze Safety During Accidental Ignition and Launch of Rockets and Missiles

WANG Yushi

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目前不少火箭弹和导弹火箭发动机点火系统仍采用敏感直列式装药结构,安全性设计不符合安全性设计准则标准要求,误点火概率远高于标准规定的百万分之一。针对此问题,基于其解除保险原理和历史事件,分析了引信在火箭发动机被意外点火后的安全性问题。火箭发动机发生意外点火单点失效后,有可能推动火箭弹飞行,形成引信解除保险（隔离）所需的弹道环境条件,进一步导致引信意外解除保险（隔离）并引爆战斗部,使事故放大。解决途径包括点火系统安全性改造、引信解除保险（隔离）增加非弹道环境条件等。上述问题在非远程战术火箭弹中普遍存在,在战术导弹中则只存在个例。

Abstract

Currently, the ignition systems of many rocket and missile engines still employ sensitive in-line charge structures and their safety design does not meet the requirements of the safety design criteria standards, and the probability of accidental ignition is significantly higher than the standard-specified one in a million. To address this issue, the work aims to conduct an analysis of fuze safety after the accidental ignition of the rocket engine based on its arming principles and historical incidents. After the single point of failure of the rocket engine's unexpected ignition, the rocket might be propelled into flight, creating the ballistic environmental conditions for the fuze to arm and further leading to unintended arming of the fuze and detonation of the warhead, thereby escalating the accident. Solutions included improving the safety of the ignition system and adding non-ballistic environmental conditions for fuze arming. The aforementioned issues are widespread in non-long-range tactical rockets, while in tactical missiles, they exist only as isolated cases.

导出引用

王雨时. 火箭弹和导弹意外点火起飞时的引信安全性问题分析[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(4): 11-22 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.04.002

WANG Yushi. Analysis of Fuze Safety During Accidental Ignition and Launch of Rockets and Missiles[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(4): 11-22 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.04.002

中图分类号： TJ43

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