目的 户外电子设备（如通信设备、雷达天线、车载终端等）因呼吸效应导致的湿气渗入、积水故障问题频发,尤其在南海岛礁、热带季风气候区军事装备保障等场景中,亟需弥补现有密封设计在呼吸效应控制、材料选型适配性及动态防护上的不足,建立“材料-结构-辅助措施”协同密封体系,提升设备在复杂环境中的可靠性。方法 基于理想气体定律推导呼吸效应气体交换量公式,搭建“阳光暴晒-突降暴雨”极端工况实验系统,对比密封胶条结构的性能,实时监测温度、湿度、气压变化,量化分析密封效果,通过工程验证优化方案。结果 双色圆形实芯O型导电橡胶密封表现突出,气压变化为1.69 kPa;通过构建主密封与辅助密封协同防护体系可降低呼吸效应影响。呼吸效应核心为“温差-压差-吸水”作用链; 结论 凸台增强型结构和双色圆形实芯O型胶条及防水透气阀的综合体系,可有效抑制呼吸效应,为户外电子设备密封设计提供理论依据与工程范式,对提高设备的可靠性具有重要意义。
Abstract
To solve the problems of moisture infiltration and water accumulation faults in outdoor electronic equipment (such as communication equipment, radar antennas, vehicle-mounted terminals, etc.) caused by the breathing effect, especially in military equipment support scenarios in islands and reefs in the South China Sea and in tropical monsoon climate zones, the work aims to make up for the deficiencies of existing sealing designs in breathing effect control, material selection adaptability, and dynamic protection, establish a “material-structure-auxiliary measure” synergistic sealing system to improve the reliability of equipment in complex environments. The gas exchange formula of the breathing effect was derived based on the ideal gas law. An extreme working condition experimental system of “sun exposure-sudden rainstorm” was built. The performance of sealing rubber strip structures was compared, and the temperature, humidity, and air pressure changes in real time were monitored to quantitatively analyze the sealing effect, and optimize the scheme through engineering verification. The results showed that the two-color circular solid O-type conductive rubber seal performed outstandingly, with an air pressure change of 1.69 KPa. Constructing a synergistic protection system of main seal and auxiliary seal could reduce the impact of the breathing effect. The core of the breathing effect was the “temperature difference-pressure difference-water absorption” action chain. The comprehensive system of boss-enhanced structures, two-color circular solid O-type rubber strips, and waterproof and breathable valves can effectively inhibit the breathing effect. It provides a theoretical basis and engineering paradigm for the sealing design of outdoor electronic equipment, and is of great significance for improving the reliability of equipment.
关键词
户外电子设备 /
呼吸效应 /
密封结构 /
导电橡胶 /
防水透气阀 /
极端工况
Key words
outdoor electronic equipment /
breathing effect /
sealing structure /
conductive rubber /
waterproof and breathable valve /
extreme working conditions
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