目的 明确水利工程环境中304不锈钢螺栓、镀锌螺栓、镀锌钝化螺栓和达克罗螺栓,在不同被连接材料组合及处理方式下的耐腐蚀性能与扭矩保持性能,为工程中螺栓的合理选型与防护提供实验支撑。方法 采用盐雾加速腐蚀试验与扭矩测试相结合的方法,考察四种螺栓与304不锈钢、Q355B碳钢的钢板及钢锭组合,在“垫圈+润滑脂”,“无垫圈+润滑脂”,“垫圈+无润滑脂”,“无垫圈+无润滑脂”四种处理方式下的宏观形貌变化及扭矩保持率。结果 钢板组合中,达克罗螺栓耐腐蚀性最优,304+304组合加润滑脂时扭矩保持性能优异,304+Q355B和Q355B+Q355B组合仅无任何处理时表现尚可;镀锌及镀锌钝化螺栓在高Cl-环境和电偶效应下表面涂层消耗严重;不锈钢螺栓自身耐蚀性良好,但扭矩保持率普遍低于标准,且会加速相连碳钢部件腐蚀。钢锭组合中,不锈钢螺栓综合性能良好;达克罗螺栓与 Q355B钢锭组合加入垫圈后,扭矩保持率可达标。垫圈和润滑脂对不同螺栓扭矩保持率的影响存在差异。结论 不同类型螺栓在水利工程环境中的服役性能受被连接材料及处理方式影响显著,达克罗螺栓在钢板组合中耐腐蚀性突出,不锈钢螺栓在钢锭组合中综合表现优良,工程中需根据实际连接场景优化螺栓选型及配套处理方式。
Abstract
The work aims to clarify the corrosion resistance and torque retention performance of 304 stainless steel bolts, galvanized bolts, galvanized passivated bolts, and Dacromet bolts in water conservancy project environments when combined with different plate and ingot materials under different treatment conditions, so as to provide experimental support for the reasonable selection and protection of bolts in engineering. Salt spray accelerated corrosion tests and torque tests were adopted to investigate the macroscopic morphological changes and torque retention rates of the four types of bolts combined with 304 stainless steel plates, Q355B carbon steel plates, 304 stainless steel ingots, and Q355B carbon steel ingots under the four treatment conditions: “with washers and grease”, “without washer but with grease”, “with washer but without grease” and “without washers and grease”. For plate combinations, Dacromet bolts exhibited the best corrosion resistance, with excellent torque retention performance under specific treatments (e.g., 304+304 combination with grease), but only acceptable performance without any treatment for 304+Q355B and Q355B+Q355B combinations. Galvanized bolts and galvanized passivated bolts suffered severe surface coating consumption due to the high Cl- environment and galvanic effect. The stainless steel bolts had good inherent corrosion resistance, but their torque retention rates were generally below the standard, and they accelerated the corrosion of connected carbon steel components. For ingot connections, stainless steel bolts showed good overall performance; Dacromet bolts combined with Q355B ingots achieved compliant torque retention when washers were added. The effects of washers and grease on the torque retention rates of different bolts varied significantly. The service performance of different types of bolts in water conservancy project environments is significantly affected by the connected materials and treatment conditions. Dacromet bolts have outstanding corrosion resistance in plate combinations, while stainless steel bolts have excellent comprehensive performance in ingot combinations. In engineering applications, bolt selection and supporting treatment methods should be optimized according to the actual connection scenarios to ensure the safety and durability of bolted structures.
关键词
水利工程 /
螺栓 /
腐蚀 /
扭矩保持 /
盐雾试验 /
不锈钢 /
镀锌 /
达克罗
Key words
hydraulic engineering /
bolts /
corrosion /
torque retention /
salt spray test /
stainless steel /
galvanizing /
Dacromet
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