目的 在极寒条件下量化行军负荷对人体产热与散热的影响,构建并应用改进多节点人体热反应模型,为防寒服装与行动方案提供定量依据。方法 在模型中引入动态负荷消耗,修正不同负荷下的人体产热计算,针对狙击手与步枪手行军情景;以暖体假人实验测得服装系统热阻作为输入;设置-20~-68 ℃、不同雪厚、携行状态与速度,分别模拟常行军与急行军,输出负荷代谢率与各部位皮肤温度随时间变化及可持续工作代谢时间。结果 获得不同携行、雪厚与速度组合下的士兵负荷代谢率;皮肤温度下降速率排序为脚>腿部>手>手臂>背部;常行军可持续时间为652~690 min,急行军为532~ 665 min。结论 改进模型结合实测热阻能有效表征极寒行军的热响应;相比运动强度,环境温度对人体温度维持的影响更为显著;在所测防寒服条件下人体末端与下肢温度下降最快,需在装备与行动计划中优先防护与监测。
Abstract
The work aims to quantify the effects of marching load on human heat production and dissipation under extreme cold conditions and construct and apply an improved multi-node human thermal response model, thereby providing a quantitative basis for cold-proof clothing and operational plans. The dynamic load consumption was introduced to the model to revise human heat production calculations under different loads, with the focus on the marching scenarios of snipers and riflemen. The thermal resistance data obtained from thermal manikin experiments were used as inputs. Simulations were conducted for regular and rapid marching under conditions ranging from -20 to -68 ℃, with varying snow depths, load-carrying states, and speeds, to output load metabolic rates, temporal variations in skin temperature across different body parts, and sustainable metabolic working times. The soldiers' load metabolic rates were obtained under various combinations of load-carrying conditions, snow depths, and marching speeds. The ranking of skin temperature drop rates was feet>legs>hands>arms>back, with the sustainable duration for regular marching ranging from 652 to 690 minutes and for rapid marching from 532 to 665 minutes. The improved model, combined with measured thermal resistance, effectively characterizes the thermal response during marching in extreme cold. The ambient temperature has a more significant impact on temperature maintenance compared to exercise intensity, and under the tested cold-proof clothing conditions, the extremities and lower limbs experience the fastest temperature decline, which requires priority protection and monitoring in equipment allocation and operational plan.
关键词
暖体假人 /
多节点人体热反应模型 /
热耐久性 /
极寒环境 /
动态负荷 /
代谢率
Key words
thermal manikin /
multi-node human thermal response model /
thermal endurance /
extreme cold environments /
dynamic load /
metabolic rate
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