目的 提升某齿轮箱滑油系统管路振动监测与管路机械耦合效率。方法 根据摩擦纳米发电机原理,设计一个宽频带、高柔性和高灵活性的柔性接触-分离模式的振动传感器（FVS）,通过引入不同粒径聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）粉末作为摩擦材料,研究PTFE粉末不同粒径大小对传感器电输出性能的影响,找出最优粒径,并进一步对传感器的灵敏度、指向性、稳定性、距离响应特性及振动响应特性进行测试。最后分别在齿轮箱泵组滑油管路进出口以及单向阀溢流阀等进出口布置柔性传感器,监测齿轮箱在不同工况时的管路振动情况,判断该处滑油泵及滑油管路的工作情况。结果 当50、20 μm的PTFE粉末按质量比3︰4混合时,传感器表现出最优的电输出性能。进一步测试表明,FVS在测试加速度范围内,其灵敏度范围为0.169~ 0.411 mV/(m/s2),低加速度条件下,最大初始灵敏度约为0.411 mV/(m/s2),且具有10 Hz~20 kHz的频响特性、指向性、稳定性及距离响应特性良好。通过在泵组管路进出口以及阀组进出口布置柔性传感器监测后发现,该柔性传感器在不同输入转速下,A型泵组与B型泵组同时工作及单独工作时,振动频谱峰值以及时频图能正常反映滑油系统元件工作状态,可有效应用于管路振动监测。结论 该传感器响应频率范围大,灵敏度高,对于齿轮箱滑油油管后续实船使用振动状态监测具有重要应用意义。
Abstract
The work aims to address the issues of vibration monitoring and mechanical coupling efficiency in the lubricating oil pipeline system for a certain gearbox.A vibration sensor (FVS) withwide frequency band, high flexibility and flexible contact-separation mode was designed based on the principle of friction nano-generator. By introducing PTFE powder with different particle sizes as friction material, the effect of different particle sizes of PTFE powder on the electrical output performance of the sensor was studied, and the optimal particle size was found. Furthermore, the sensitivity, directivity, stability, distance response and vibration response of the sensor were tested. Finally, flexible sensors were respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet of the lubricating oil pipeline of the gearbox pump set and the inlet and outlet of the check valve overflow valve to monitor the pipeline vibration of the gearbox under different working conditions and judge the working conditions of the lubricating oil pump and the lubricating oil pipeline there.When 50 μm and 20μm PTFE powderswere mixed in a ratio of 3:4, the sensor showed the best electrical output performance. Within the test acceleration range, the FVS exhibited a sensitivity of approximately 0.169-0.411 mV/(m/s2), with a maximum initial sensitivity of about 0.411 mV/(m/s2) under low acceleration conditions, and had good frequency response characteristics, directivity, stability and distance response characteristics of 10Hz-20kHz. By arranging flexible sensors at the inlet and outlet of the pump set pipeline and the inlet and outlet of the valve set for monitoring, it was found that the peak value of vibration spectrum and time-frequency diagram could normally reflect the working state of lubricating oil system components when the A-type pump set and the B-type pump set worked simultaneously or independently at different input speeds, which could be effectively applied to pipeline vibration monitoring.The sensor demonstrates a wide frequency response range and high sensitivity, making it particularly valuable for monitoring vibration conditions of gearbox lubricating oil pipelines during subsequent real-ship applications.
关键词
船用齿轮箱 /
滑油系统 /
振动监测 /
机械耦合效率 /
柔性传感器 /
摩擦材料
Key words
marine gearbox /
lubricating oil system /
vibration monitoring /
mechanical coupling efficiency /
flexible sensor /
friction material
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFB3406300）; 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司自立科研项目（KY2024-19）
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