腐蚀作用下工程装备材料力学性能退化机制研究进展

夏舒航; 吴军; 安江峰; 黄高; 姚旸

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.06.017

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6) : 187-199. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.06.017

重大工程装备

腐蚀作用下工程装备材料力学性能退化机制研究进展

夏舒航^1,2, 吴军^1,2,3*, 安江峰^1,4, 黄高^1,2,4, 姚旸^1,2,4

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Degradation Mechanism of Mechanical Properties of Materials for Engineering Equipment under Corrosion

XIA Shuhang^1,2, WU Jun^1,2,3*, AN Jiangfeng^1,4, HUANG Gao^1,2,4, YAO Yang^1,2,4

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

针对腐蚀作用下工程装备材料力学性能退化机理及服役寿命预测问题,首先系统剖析了腐蚀作用下工程装备材料的力学失效行为和机理,揭示了均匀腐蚀、点蚀和应力腐蚀开裂等关键力学退化机制。同时,详细探讨了复杂形貌缺陷和多场耦合效应对工程装备材料力学失效的影响机制,聚焦多蚀坑相互作用及应力腐蚀开裂中阳极溶解与氢脆竞争机制的研究。接着,梳理了从宏观力学测试向微观原位表征与在线监测演进的技术体系,指出了静态拉伸与循环疲劳等宏观手段在分离环境与应力耦合上的局限性,阐明了数字图像相关、纳米压痕等原位测试在同步获取力学畸变与微观电化学信息方面的不足,以及声发射与光纤传感等在线监测技术在异构数据定量融合上存在的困境。此外,总结了基于断裂力学、连续损伤力学和数据驱动的材料力学性能退化与剩余寿命预测方法,为工程构件的几何等效建模、损伤动态量化以及高精度寿命评估提供理论支持。最后,说明了纯数据驱动模型在小样本条件下面临的黑箱难题,并提出融合多源监测数据与物理感知机器学习（PIML）构建机理-数据双驱动模型,是未来实现工程装备高精度服役寿命预测的发展方向。

Abstract

The work aims to address the degradation mechanisms of mechanical properties and the service life prediction of engineering equipment materials under corrosion.Firstly,the mechanical failure behaviors and mechanisms of these materials are system atically analyzed, revealing key mechanical degradation mechanisms such as uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Furthermore, the influence mechanisms of complex morphological defects and multi-field coupling effects on mechanical failures are explored in detail, with focuses on the interactions among multiple corrosion pits and the competing mechanisms between anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement in SCC. Subsequently, the evolution of testing systems from macroscopic mechanical testing to microscopic in-situ characterization and online monitoring is reviewed. The limitations of macroscopic methods, such as static tensile and cyclic fatigue tests, in separating environmental and stress coupling effects are highlighted. The paper also clarifies the inadequacies of in-situ testing techniques, including digital image correlation and nanoindentation, in synchronously acquiring mechanical distortion and micro-electrochemical information, alongside the challenges faced by online monitoring technologies like acoustic emission and optical fiber sensing in the quantitative fusion of heterogeneous data. Additionally, models for predicting mechanical property degradation and remaining life based on fracture mechanics, continuum damage mechanics, and data-driven approaches are summarized, providing theoretical support for geometric equivalent modeling, dynamic damage quantification, and high-precision life assessment of engineering components. Finally, the black-box dilemma associated with purely data-driven models under small-sample conditions is elucidated. It is proposed that constructing a mechanism-data dual-driven model by integrating multi-source monitoring data with Physics-Informed Machine Learning (PIML) represents the future direction for achieving high-precision service life prediction of engineering equipment.

导出引用

夏舒航, 吴军, 安江峰, 黄高, 姚旸. 腐蚀作用下工程装备材料力学性能退化机制研究进展[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(6): 187-199 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.06.017

XIA Shuhang, WU Jun, AN Jiangfeng, HUANG Gao, YAO Yang. Research Progress on Degradation Mechanism of Mechanical Properties of Materials for Engineering Equipment under Corrosion[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(6): 187-199 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.06.017

中图分类号： TJ04 TG172

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