微穿孔板复合结构的吸声性能研究

孙向洋; 延浩; 燕群

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.002

PDF(3491 KB)

装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (8) : 9-18. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.002

专题——装备综合环境强度分析与试验技术

微穿孔板复合结构的吸声性能研究

孙向洋, 延浩, 燕群

作者信息 +

Sound Absorption Performance of Microperforated Panel Composite Structure

SUN Xiangyang, YAN Hao, YAN Qun

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对航空航天装备、特种车载方舱等舱室场景的宽频机械噪声治理需求,破解传统吸声结构低频吸声能力薄弱、难以同时满足轻量化要求与宽频高效吸声的环境适配性难题,提出一种双层微穿孔板夹芯三聚氰胺泡沫的三明治型复合吸声结构。方法本研究基于Johnson-Champoux-Allard（JCA）等效流体模型与微穿孔板经典声学理论,采用传递矩阵法构建“前微穿孔板（MPP1）-三聚氰胺泡沫层-后微穿孔板（MPP2）-空气背腔-刚性背衬”复合结构理论模型,并通过COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真工具验证理论模型的准确性,通过对比单层微穿孔板、纯双层微穿孔板与本文复合结构的吸声特性差异,系统探究结构几何参数对吸声性能的作用规律,并引入粒子群算法完成多变量参数的全局优化。结果在总厚度不超过41 mm的装备安装空间约束下,优化后的复合结构在100~4 000 Hz频段内平均吸声系数可达0.848 5,相较于初始结构性能提升18%,100~500 Hz吸声性能提升幅度高达61.6%。结论该复合结构能够有效适配装备舱室的空间限制与宽频降噪需求,实现轻量化设计与高效声学防护的平衡,可为装备声环境适应性设计、机械噪声环境效应管控提供理论依据与技术参考。

Abstract

The work aims to propose a sandwich-type composite sound absorber with double-layer micro-perforated panels (MPPs) as face sheets and melamine foam as the core layer to address the demand for broadband mechanical noise control in cabin scenarios including aerospace equipment and special vehicle shelters, and overcome the challenges of traditional sound-absorbing structures, such as deficient low-frequency sound absorption capacity and the difficulty in simultaneously satisfying lightweight requirements and environmental worthiness for broadband high-efficiency sound absorption. Based on the Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) equivalent fluid model and the classical acoustic theory of micro-perforated panels, this study constructed a theoretical model for calculating the sound absorption coefficient of the composite structure with the aforementioned configuration of “front micro-perforated panel (MPP1)-melamine foam layer-rear micro-perforated panel (MPP2)-air backing cavity-rigid backing” via the transfer matrix method, and validated the accuracy of the theoretical model using the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulation tool. By comparing the sound absorption characteristics of the single-layer MPP, pure double-layer MPP and the proposed composite structure, this work systematically explored the influence law of structural geometric parameters on sound absorption performance, and introduced the particle swarm optimization algorithm to implement global optimization of multi-variable parameters. The results demonstrated that under the constraint of equipment installation space with a total thickness of no more than 41 mm, the optimized composite structure delivered an average sound absorption coefficient of 0.848 5 across the 100-4 000 Hz frequency band, an 18% performance improvement over the initial structure; specifically, the sound absorption performance in the 100-500 Hz band was boosted by up to 61.6%. This composite structure can effectively adapt to the space limitations and broadband noise reduction requirements of equipment cabins, achieve a balance between lightweight design and high-performance acoustic protection, and provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the acoustic environment worthiness design of equipment as well as the management of mechanical noise environmental effects.

导出引用

孙向洋, 延浩, 燕群. 微穿孔板复合结构的吸声性能研究[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(8): 9-18 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.002

SUN Xiangyang, YAN Hao, YAN Qun. Sound Absorption Performance of Microperforated Panel Composite Structure[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(8): 9-18 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.002

中图分类号： TB535.1

参考文献

[1] ZHANG X G, LI B.Prediction of Vibroacoustic Response in Aircraft Cabin under Overload[J]. AIAA Journal, 2024, 62(11): 4054-4070.
[2] 张春茂, 李艳, 刘文佳, 等. 侧装式车载制氧装置环境适应性设计与试验[J]. 装备环境工程, 2026, 23(2): 24-32.
ZHANG C M, LI Y, LIU W J, et al.Environmental Worthiness Design and Experiment of Side-Mounted On-Vehicle Oxygen Generation Device[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2026, 23(2): 24-32.
[3] 宋忠尚, 李启玉, 夏国龙, 等. 某密闭舱室空气净化器减振降噪与环境适应性改进[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2025, 20(5): 189-195.
SONG Z S, LI Q Y, XIA G L, et al.Improvement of an Air Purifier in a Closed Cabin for Vibration and Noise Reduction and Environmental Adaptability[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2025, 20(5): 189-195.
[4] 吴旻, 陈然. 设备方舱的人机舒适性提升技术研究[J]. 电子机械工程, 2021, 37(6): 33-35.
WU M, CHEN R.Research on Improving Technology of Man-Machine Comfort of Equipment Shelter[J]. Electro-Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 37(6): 33-35.
[5] 赵金鹏, 周龙刚. 舰船显控台冷却风扇噪声控制与仿真优化研究[J]. 电子机械工程, 2023, 39(5): 35-39.
ZHAO J P, ZHOU L G.Research on Noise Control and Simulation Optimization of Cooling Fan in Ship Display Console[J]. Electro-Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 39(5): 35-39.
[6] FU D K, YAO W X, ZHU Y H, et al.Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth under Broadband Random Vibration Loading Based on Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm[J]. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 2026, 49(1): 170-182.
[7] 罗靓, 白鹤宇, 叶卓然, 等. 蜂窝夹层声衬材料宽频吸声性能优化[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 41(3): 1290-1299.
LUO L, BAI H Y, YE Z R, et al.Optimization of Broadband Sound Absorption Performance of Honeycomb Sandwich Sound Liner[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(3): 1290-1299.
[8] 宋春燕, 关福旺, 杨竹丽, 等. 蜂窝夹芯复合材料声学性能的研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2026, 43(1): 138-148.
SONG C Y, GUAN F W, YANG Z L, et al.Research Progress on Acoustic Properties of Honeycomb Sandwich Composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2026, 43(1): 138-148.
[9] YANG Y L, LIU Y F, MIAO S S, et al.Sound-Absorbing Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Composite Metastructure[J]. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2026, 8(3): 035501.
[10] SONG Z M, CHEN W, JIN S Z, et al.Enabling Broadband Low-Frequency Sound Absorption with a Stepped Helmholtz-Honeycomb Metamaterial[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2026, 139: 015105.
[11] 马大猷. 微穿孔板吸声结构[J]. 中国科学, 1975, 18(1): 55-71.
MA D Y.Sound Absorption Structure with Micro-Perforated Panels[J]. Science in China, 1975, 18(1): 55-71.
[12] 解永辉, 侯绪杰, 王雷, 等. 微穿孔板-吸声海绵复合结构吸声特性[J]. 声学技术, 2025, 44(5): 758-764.
XIE Y H, HOU X J, WANG L, et al.Sound Absorption Characteristics of Micro-Perforated Panel-Sound-Absorbing Sponge Composite Structure[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2025, 44(5): 758-764.
[13] 梅中建, 吕亚东, 李晓东, 等. 微穿孔板与管束穿孔板吸声性能研究进展综述[J]. 声学学报, 2025, 50(2): 216-232.
MEI Z J, LYU Y D, LI X D, et al.A Review of the Research Progress on Absorption Performance of Microperforated Plate and Perforated Plate with Tube Bundles[J]. Acta Acustica, 2025, 50(2): 216-232.
[14] 田文昊, 吴锦武, 李威, 等. 双层串联微穿孔板吸声体吸声特性研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2019, 39(4): 32-35.
TIAN W H, WU J W, LI W, et al.Study on the Acoustic Characteristics of Double-Layer Micro-Perforated Panel Absorbers[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2019, 39(4): 32-35.
[15] COBO P, DE LA COLINA C, ROIBÁS-MILLÁN E, et al. A Wideband Triple-Layer Microperforated Panel Sound Absorber[J]. Composite Structures, 2019, 226: 111226.
[16] 刘志恩, 袁金呈, 陈弯, 等. 复合微穿孔板吸声结构吸声特性分析及优化[J]. 声学技术, 2021, 40(4): 515-520.
LIU Z E, YUAN J C, CHEN W, et al.Analysis and Optimization of Acoustic Absorption Characteristics for Composite Micro-Perforated Panel Absorbers[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2021, 40(4): 515-520.
[17] BRAVO T, MAURY C.Sound Attenuation and Absorption by Micro-Perforated Panels Backed by Anisotropic Fibrous Materials: Theoretical and Experimental Study[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2018, 425: 189-207.
[18] 戚美, 刘磊, 陈庆光, 等. 基于多孔材料的复合微穿孔板结构声学特性研究[J]. 山东科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 41(3): 83-90.
QI M, LIU L, CHEN Q G, et al.Research on Acoustic Performance of Composite Micro-Perforated Plate Structure Based on Porous Materials[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science), 2022, 41(3): 83-90.
[19] KIM H S, MA P S, KIM B K, et al.Sound Transmission Loss of Multi-Layered Elastic Micro-Perforated Plates in an Impedance Tube[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2020, 166: 107348.
[20] 赵宇辰, 闵鹤群, 楼华鼎, 等. 具有并联不等深背腔的微穿孔板吸声体无规入射吸声特性[J]. 声学学报, 2026, 51(3): 829-838.
ZHAO Y C, MIN H Q, LOU H D, et al.Random Incidence Absorption Characteristics of Micro-Perforated Panel Absorbers with Parallel-Arranged Backing Cavities at Different Depths[J]. Acta Acustica, 2026, 51(3): 829-838.
[21] 张亦弛, 凌宇飞, 郑健宁, 等. 人工神经网络辅助的斐波那契式微穿孔板宽频吸声体结构优化[J]. 声学学报, 2025, 50(6): 1445-1454.
ZHANG Y C, LING Y F, ZHENG J N, et al.Structural Optimization of Fibonacci Micro-Perforated Plate Broadband Absorber by Artificial Neural Networks[J]. Acta Acustica, 2025, 50(6): 1445-1454.
[22] 孟令晗, 朱海潮, 侯九霄. 折叠背腔微穿孔结构的宽频吸声特性研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2022, 42(2): 90-94.
MENG L H, ZHU H C, HOU J X.Broadband Sound Absorption Characteristics of the Micro-Perforated Structure with a Folded back Cavity[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2022, 42(2): 90-94.
[23] 王飞萌, 王良模, 王陶, 等. 微穿孔板-三聚氰胺吸音海绵-空腔复合结构声学性能优化设计[J]. 北京化工大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 49(1): 113-121.
WANG F M, WANG L M, WANG T, et al.Optimization of the Acoustic Performance of Micro-Perforated Panel-Melamine Sound-Absorbing Sponge-Cavity Composite Structures[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 49(1): 113-121.
[24] 裴春明, 周兵, 李登科, 等. 多孔材料和微穿孔板复合吸声结构研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2015, 35(5): 35-38.
PEI C M, ZHOU B, LI D K, et al.Study on the Composite Sound Absorber Made up of Porous Materials and MPP[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2015, 35(5): 35-38.
[25] 洪承浩, 吴锦武, 邬昊丘. 多孔材料与微穿孔板的不等腔深结构设计与研究[J]. 声学技术, 2026, 46(0): 1-7.
HONG C h, WU J w, WU H q. Research and Design of Unequal Cavity Depth Structures for Porous Materials and Micro-perforated Plates[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2026, 46(0): 1-7.