目的 快速预测飞机环境控制系统管路部段的声学特性。方法 采用声学网络方法,通过将管路系统抽象为“两端口+一端口+节点”的组合,并将“两端口”部件以声学散射矩阵的形式表示,基于节点压力-体积速度连续这一基本物理规律,构建无需网格划分和高维矩阵的组装算法,用以整体求解管中声场。以某型飞机环控系统配气管路的部段为研究对象,在50~500 Hz频段内开展仿真分析,将结果与有限元法（FEM）进行对比验证。结果 2种方法计算的传递损失频谱曲线高度吻合,验证了声学网络方法的可靠性。在系统的管路系统的第一阶共振频率点70 Hz处,在分叉节点阻抗失配与反射的共同作用下,TL峰值达40 dB。在非共振频率范围内,声波波长与管路尺度相当,声能穿透整个管路,消声效果十分微弱。结论 管路系统的整体的TL呈现周期性波动,该研究为复杂管路系统的声学快速预测与优化设计提供了一种快速理论工具。
Abstract
The work aims to enable the rapid prediction of the acoustic characteristics of pipeline in aircraft environmental control systems. An acoustic network method was utilized to abstract the pipeline as a combination of "2-ports, 1-ports, and nodes", and 2-port components were represented by acoustic scattering matrices. Based on the fundamental physical principle of pressure-volume velocity continuity at nodes, an assembly algorithm was developed for the global solution of acoustic fields in pipeline, which neither required meshing nor high-dimensional matrix operations. With a segment of the air distribution pipeline in a specific aircraft environmental control system as the research object, simulation analysis was carried out within the frequency range of 50-500 Hz, and the results were verified against those obtained by the finite element method (FEM). The comparison indicated an excellent agreement between the transmission loss (TL) spectra calculated by both methods, validating the reliability of the acoustic network approach. At the first resonant frequency 70 Hz of the pipeline, the TL peak reached 40 dB as a result of the combined effects of impedance mismatch and reflection at the branch node. In non-resonant frequency ranges where the sound wavelength was comparable to the pipeline dimensions, acoustic energy propagated throughout the entire pipeline, leading to very weak noise attenuation. The overall TL of the pipeline shows periodic fluctuations. This work offers an efficient theoretical tool for the rapid acoustic prediction and optimization design of complex pipelines.
关键词
环境控制系统 /
声学网络方法 /
传递矩阵 /
散射矩阵 /
传声损失 /
管道声学
Key words
environmental control systems /
acoustic network methods /
transfer matrix /
scattering matrix /
transmission loss /
pipeline acoustics
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