环境压力对低密度烧蚀材料隔热性能的影响试验研究

王振亚; 吴敬涛; 朱豪; 李军鹏

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.006

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (8) : 45-51. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.006

专题——装备综合环境强度分析与试验技术

环境压力对低密度烧蚀材料隔热性能的影响试验研究

王振亚, 吴敬涛, 朱豪, 李军鹏

作者信息 +

Experimental Study of the Effect of Environmental Pressure on Thermal Insulation Performance of DMS Low-density Ablative Materials

WANG Zhenya, WU Jingtao, ZHU Hao, LI Junpeng

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的评估环境压力对DMS（国产某防隔热一体化低密度烧蚀防热材料）防隔热材料隔热性能的影响,获得DMS防隔热材料在空间环境和临近空间的隔热性能数据,为评估其在低气压环境下的隔热性能提供试验方法。方法以DMS防隔热材料平板试样为对象,分别在常压大气环境（~101 kPa）与临近空间低压（~3 kPa）环境中采用80 kW/m²恒定热流密度持续加热1 450 s,同步测量DMS防隔热材料平板试样背面的温度时变曲线,对比DMS防隔热材料在两种气压环境下的隔热表现差异,并结合克努森效应对DMS防隔热材料隔热机理进行分析。结果在低压环境下,DMS的背面温度显著低于常压大气环境。加热1 450 s时,DMS防隔热材料平板试样背面温度降低约305.4 ℃（相对常压大气环境的背面温度降幅高达67.3%）。分析表明,材料微米级孔隙特征尺寸小于3 kPa下的气体分子平均自由程,内部气体进入自由分子流区,气体导热被有效抑制是DMS防隔热材料隔热性能增强的主要原因。结论地面常压环境中的热试验会明显低估DMS防隔热材料在低压/真空下的隔热性能,工程设计中需计入环境压力影响修正。研究为防热材料环境适应性试验方法与热防护系统精细化设计提供了方法参考。

Abstract

The work aims to evaluate the effect of environmental pressure on the thermal insulation performance of DMS low-density ablative materials, obtain thermal insulation data under space and near-space environments, and provide experimental methods for assessing thermal insulation performance under the low-pressure environment. DMS flat specimens were subject to a constant heat flux of 80 kW/m² for 1 450 s under ambient atmospheric pressure (~101 kPa) and near-space low pressure (~3 kPa). The time‑dependent temperature curves on the back side of the DMS flat specimens were measured synchronously. The differences in thermal insulation performance of DMS materials under the two pressure environments were compared, and the thermal insulation mechanism was analyzed in combination with the Knudsen effect. Under low‑pressure conditions, the backside temperature of DMS was markedly lower than that under atmospheric pressure environment. At a heating duration of 1 450 s, the backside temperature of the DMS flat specimen decreased by approximately 305.4 ℃, representing a temperature reduction of as high as 67.3% relative to the backside temperature under atmospheric pressure. The analysis indicated that the characteristic size of the material′s micro-scale pores was smaller than the mean free path of gas molecules at 3 kPa. The internal gas fell into the free-molecular-flow regime, and effective suppression of gas‑phase heat conduction constituted the primary reason for the enhanced thermal-insulation performance of the DMS thermal material. It is concluded that ground-based tests underestimate the thermal insulation performance of DMS materials in low-pressure or vacuum conditions, necessitating environmental pressure corrections in engineering design, and this work provides a methodological reference for environmental worthiness testing of thermal protection materials and precise design of thermal protection systems.

导出引用

王振亚, 吴敬涛, 朱豪, 李军鹏. 环境压力对低密度烧蚀材料隔热性能的影响试验研究[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(8): 45-51 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.006

WANG Zhenya, WU Jingtao, ZHU Hao, LI Junpeng. Experimental Study of the Effect of Environmental Pressure on Thermal Insulation Performance of DMS Low-density Ablative Materials[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(8): 45-51 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.006

中图分类号： V11

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