航空发动机转子超转破裂试验轴系动力学特性研究

霍施宇; 畅佳琪; 杨晓林; 陈永辉; 燕群

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.008

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (8) : 58-67. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.008

专题——装备综合环境强度分析与试验技术

航空发动机转子超转破裂试验轴系动力学特性研究

霍施宇, 畅佳琪, 杨晓林, 陈永辉, 燕群

作者信息 +

Dynamic Characteristics of Shaft System for Aero-engine Rotor Overspeed Burst Test

HUO Shiyu, CHANG Jiaqi, YANG Xiaolin, CHEN Yonghui, YAN Qun

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的降低航空发动机转子超转破裂试验成本,缩短试验系统维修周期,开展转子超转破裂试验瞬态动力学特性研究,获取轴系支承反力与应力分布特征,进而探索更高效的试验设计方法。方法通过开展发动机模拟涡轮盘超转破裂试验,获取转子从裂纹萌生到完全破裂的全过程,分析瞬态不平衡激励载荷特征,基于ANSYS和MATLAB针对典型模拟轮盘超转破裂瞬态过程,建立超转破裂试验轴系转子动力学响应分析方法,能够计算轴系支承反力和试验转轴环形缺口应力。结果模拟轮盘瞬态不平衡冲击非常剧烈,轴系各支承反力巨大,同时呈现由上而下依次降低的趋势,旋转轴系在缺口处的应力远远大于其材料的强度极限。结论提出的轴系动力学响应与缺口应力计算方法,能够为后续试验系统安全评估与试验轴系缺口熔断设计提供技术支撑。

Abstract

The work aims to reduce costs of aero-engine rotor overspeed burst tests and shorten the maintenance cycle of the test system, investigate the transient dynamic characteristics in rotor overspeed-burst tests, obtain the support reaction forces and stress distribution features of the shafting, and further explore more efficient test design methods. An overspeed-burst test was performed on a simulated engine turbine disk to capture the full-process rotor behavior from crack initiation to complete burst. The characteristics of transient unbalance excitation loads were analyzed. Based on ANSYS and MATLAB, an analytical method for rotor-dynamic responses of the shafting during typical simulated-disk overspeed-burst events was established. This method enabled calculation of shaft-support reaction forces and stresses at the annular notch of the test rotating shaft. Severe transient unbalance impact occurred for the simulated disk, yielding extremely large support reaction forces across the shafting, which decreased progressively from top to bottom. The stress at the notch of the rotating shaft far exceeded the ultimate strength of the shaft material. In conclusion, the proposed method for calculating shafting dynamic responses and notch stresses provides technical support for subsequent safety assessment of test systems and fuse-design of notches on test shafting.

导出引用

霍施宇, 畅佳琪, 杨晓林, 陈永辉, 燕群. 航空发动机转子超转破裂试验轴系动力学特性研究[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(8): 58-67 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.008

HUO Shiyu, CHANG Jiaqi, YANG Xiaolin, CHEN Yonghui, YAN Qun. Dynamic Characteristics of Shaft System for Aero-engine Rotor Overspeed Burst Test[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(8): 58-67 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.008

中图分类号： V231.3

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