基于滑模变结构控制的结构强度试验卸载系统建模仿真

牧彬

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.009

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (8) : 68-75. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.009

专题——装备综合环境强度分析与试验技术

基于滑模变结构控制的结构强度试验卸载系统建模仿真

牧彬

作者信息 +

Modeling and Simulation of Unloading System for Structural Strength Test Based on Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control

MU Bin

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的解决全尺寸飞机结构强度试验中,因试件大变形及应急卸载导致的能量受限、多通道协调困难等失控风险,以实现安全、可控的卸载过程。方法设计基于电液伺服作动筒保护模块改造的可控卸载系统,并引入滑模变结构控制方法,通过设计积分滑模面及控制律,以应对卸载后的非线性、参数不确定及能量约束问题。结果仿真表明,相较于传统PID控制,滑模变结构控制器在应急卸载时能将瞬时载荷冲击控制在-10.1%~1.2%（PID为-9.5%~4.5%）,并将卸载后5 s内的最大动态误差降低至-67.35 N（PID为-158.37 N）,在响应速度与误差抑制上均表现更优。结论基于滑模变结构控制的卸载系统能有效实现结构强度试验应急卸载过程的安全、可靠与协调控制,在降低冲击和提高精度方面具备明确优势,满足工程应用条件。

Abstract

The work aims to mitigate the risks of uncontrolled unloading, such as energy constraints and multi-channel coordination difficulties, during full-scale aircraft structural strength tests, which arise from substantial specimen deformation and emergency unloading operations, so as to ensure a safe and controlled unloading process. A controlled unloading system was developed by retrofitting the protection module of an electro-hydraulic servo actuator. A sliding-mode control strategy was introduced to handle system nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties, and energy limitations after unloading through formulating the integral sliding surface and the corresponding control law. Simulations showed that, compared with conventional PID control, the sliding mode variable structure controller restricted the instantaneous load impact during emergency unloading to -10.1% to 1.2% (PID: -9.5% to 4.5%) and reduced the maximum dynamic error within 5 s after unloading to -67.35 N (PID: -158.37 N), demonstrating better performance in both response speed and error suppression. The sliding mode variable structure control-based unloading system effectively ensures safe, reliable, and coordinated emergency unloading in structural strength testing. It offers clear advantages in reducing impact loads and improving control precision, fulfilling the requirements for practical engineering applications.

导出引用

牧彬. 基于滑模变结构控制的结构强度试验卸载系统建模仿真[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(8): 68-75 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.009

MU Bin. Modeling and Simulation of Unloading System for Structural Strength Test Based on Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(8): 68-75 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.08.009

中图分类号： V297

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