目的 防止鸟体进入发动机进气道,保障直升机近地面飞行安全,设计一款进气道防护网结构并评估其抗鸟撞的能力。方法 采用有限元法,对编织的网体结构进行合理简化,结合SPH（光滑粒子流体动力学）方法,选取160、200、240、280 km/h这4种不同的撞击速度,对鸟体撞击防护网的全过程进行数值模拟。结果 在所研究的速度范围内,防护网结构保持完整,未出现损坏。随着撞击速度增加,防护网最大变形呈线性变化,最大变形达110.9 mm,而撞击力与内能随速度增加呈非线性递增趋势。结论 验证了防护网结构可以抵抗速度不超过280 km/h的鸟体的撞击,该防护网满足强度使用要求。同时该研究揭示了防护网在鸟撞下的动态响应特征,为直升机防护网设计与优化提供了理论依据。
Abstract
To prevent birds from entering the engine inlet and ensure the safety of helicopters during near-ground flight, the work aims to design a protective net structure and evaluate its bird-impact resistance. The finite element method was adopted, with reasonable simplifications made to the woven mesh structure. Combined with the SPH method, four different impact velocities (160 km/h, 200 km/h, 240 km/h, and 280 km/h) were selected to simulate the entire process of a bird striking the protective net. Within the considered velocity range, the protective net remained intact without any damage. With the increasing impact velocity, the maximum deformation of the net varied linearly, reaching a maximum of 110.9 mm, while the impact force and the converted internal energy exhibited a nonlinear increasing trend with velocity. It is verified that the protective net structure can withstand bird impacts at velocities up to 280 km/h, thus meeting the strength requirements for practical use. Moreover, this work reveals the dynamic response characteristics of the protective net under bird impact and provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of helicopter protective nets.
关键词
SPH方法 /
进气道防护网 /
抗鸟撞 /
仿真研究 /
撞击速度 /
变形
Key words
SPH method /
inlet protective net /
bird-impact resistance /
simulation study /
impact velocities /
deformation
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] YANG X F, MA J X, WEN D S, et al.Crashworthy Design and Energy Absorption Mechanisms for Helicopter Structures:A Systematic Literature Review[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2020, 114:100618.
[2] 李玉龙, 石霄鹏. 民用飞机鸟撞研究现状[J]. 航空学报, 2012, 33(2):189-198.
LI Y L, SHI X P.Investigation of the Present Status of Research on Bird Impacting on Commercial Airplanes[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2012, 33(2):189-198.
[3] 冯荣欣, 邢运, 倪阳, 等. 民用客机短舱进气道唇口抗鸟撞试验研究与仿真分析[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2022(9):102-108.
FENG R X, XING Y, NI Y, et al.Experimental Research and Simulation Analysis on Anti-Bird Strike of the Nacelle Inlet Lip of a Civil Airliner[J]. Composites Science and Engineering, 2022(9):102-108.
[4] LIU J, LI Y L, GAO X, et al.A Numerical Model for Bird Strike on Sidewall Structure of an Aircraft Nose[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2014, 27(3):542-549.
[5] HEIMBS S.Computational Methods for Bird Strike Simulations:A Review[J]. Computers & Structures, 2011, 89(23/24):2093-2112.
[6] RICCIO A, CRISTIANO R, SAPUTO S, et al.Numerical Methodologies for Simulating Bird-Strike on Composite Wings[J]. Composite Structures, 2018, 202:590-602.
[7] JANG J H, AHN S H.Bird-Strike Damage Analysis and Preliminary Design of Composite Radome Structure Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2019, 26(3):763-782.
[8] 刘军, 李玉龙, 石霄鹏, 等. 鸟体本构模型参数反演II:模型参数反演研究[J]. 航空学报, 2011, 32(5):812-821.
LIU J, LI Y L, SHI X P, et al.Parameters Inversion on Bird Constitutive Model PartⅡ:Study on Model Parameters Inversion[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2011, 32(5):812-821.
[9] HAI L X.Airworthiness Compliance Verification of Bird Strike on Civil Aircraft Windshield Frame[J]. Journal of Physics:Conference Series, 2023, 2640(1):012010.
[10] VIGNJEVIC R, ORŁOWSKI M, DE VUYST T, et al. A Parametric Study of Bird Strike on Engine Blades[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2013, 60:44-57.
[11] HEDAYATI R, ZIAEI-RAD S.A New Bird Model and the Effect of Bird Geometry in Impacts from Various Orientations[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2013, 28(1):9-20.
[12] HEDAYATI R, SADIGHI M, MOHAMMADI-AGHDAM M.On the Difference of Pressure Readings from the Numerical, Experimental and Theoretical Results in Different Bird Strike Studies[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2014, 32(1):260-266.
[13] 任冀宾, 王斌, 王振, 等. 某型飞机机翼前缘抗鸟撞结构设计与试验验证[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(2):133-141.
REN J B, WANG B, WANG Z, et al.Design and Experimental Verification of a Wing Leading Edge Structure[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(2):133-141.
[14] 苏康, 白瑞祥, 刘琛, 等. 飞机尾翼前缘结构鸟撞仿真与改进设计[J]. 工程力学, 2022, 39(6):236-246.
SU K, BAI R X, LIU C, et al.Bird Strike Simulation and Improved Design of Leading Edge Structure of Aircraft Tail[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2022, 39(6):236-246.
[15] 孔令勇, 李娜, 吴志斌. 复合材料尾翼前缘结构抗鸟撞仿真及试验验证研究[J]. 装备环境工程, 2020, 17(9):149-153.
KONG L Y, LI N, WU Z B.Simulation and Experimental Verification Composite Structure of Empennage Leading Edge Against Bird Impact[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2020, 17(9):149-153.
[16] 贾建东, 李志强, 杨建林, 等. 用SPH和有限元方法研究鸟撞飞机风挡问题[J]. 航空学报, 2010, 31(1):136-142.
JIA J D, LI Z Q, YANG J L, et al.A Study of Bird Impact on Aircraft Windshield Using SPH and Finite Element Method[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2010, 31(1):136-142.
[17] 李迪, 廖连芳, 陈璐璐, 等. 宽弦空心风扇叶片大鸟撞击试验研究[J]. 航空发动机, 2020, 46(3):66-70.
LI D, LIAO L F, CHEN L L, et al.Study on Big Bird Strike Test of Wide-Chord Hollow Fan Blade[J]. Aeroengine, 2020, 46(3):66-70.
[18] 王佳宇, 韩方军, 冯冬民, 等. 航空发动机鸟撞损伤风扇气动性能仿真研究进展[J]. 航空发动机, 2025, 51(2):43-52.
WANG J Y, HAN F J, FENG D M, et al.Progress on Aerodynamic Performance Simulation of Bird-Strike- Damaged Aeroengine Fans[J]. Aeroengine, 2025, 51(2):43-52.
[19] KIM M, ZAMMIT A, SIDDENS A, et al.An Extensive Crashworthiness Methodology for Advanced Propulsion Systems, Part I:Soft Impact Damage Assessment of Composite Fan Stage Assemblies[C]//Proceedings of 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Orlando:AIAA, 2011.
[20] ZHANG Z, LI L, ZHANG D G.Effect of Arbitrary Yaw/Pitch Angle in Bird Strike Numerical Simulation Using SPH Method[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2018, 81:284-293.
[21] 张海洋, 罗刚, 曹琬婷, 等. 旋转状态下模拟叶片鸟撞损伤影响规律实验研究[J]. 推进技术, 2025, 46(7):309-317.
ZHANG H Y, LUO G, CAO W T, et al.Experimental Study on Effects of Bird Strike Damage on Simulation Blades under Rotating Conditions[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2025, 46(7):309-317.
[22] 张昕喆, 刘思凡, 火盈飞, 等. 航空发动机叶片抗近真实鸟体撞击动态损伤研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2025, 25(18):7843-7851.
ZHANG X Z, LIU S F, HUO Y F, et al.Dynamic Response of Aero-Engine Blade Against near Real Bird Impact[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(18):7843-7851.
[23] 黄福增, 刘永泉, 张东明, 等. 发动机风扇转子旋转状态下鸟撞试验研究[J]. 实验力学, 2020, 35(6):1136-1146.
HUANG F Z, LIU Y Q, ZHANG D M, et al.Investigation on Bird-Strike Test of Gas Turbine Rotating Fan Blade[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2020, 35(6):1136-1146.
[24] 张正礼. 几种铝合金材料动态力学性能测试[J]. 中国民航大学学报, 2014, 32(1):41-45.
ZHANG Z L.Testing of Dynamic Mechanical Property of Several Aluminum Alloy Materials[J]. Journal of Civil Aviation University of China, 2014, 32(1):41-45.
[25] 王貌, 张晓雯, 颜悦. 飞机风挡鸟撞数值模拟研究进展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2026, 46(7):16-31.
WANG M, ZHANG X W, YAN Y.Research Progress in Numerical Simulation of Bird Strike on Aircraft Windshields[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2026, 46(7):16-31.
PDF(7985 KB)
