目的 探究空间导电滑环在真空环境下载流摩擦磨损行为及演化规律,为提升航天器旋转电传输机构可靠性提供数据支撑。方法 利用自主搭建的真空载流摩擦磨损试验机,系统研究滑动速度、接触载荷和电流强度对摩擦系数、接触电阻及磨损形貌的影响,并通过大气与真空条件下的对比试验揭示界面损伤机理。结果 在大气条件下,低速（1 r/min）时,摩擦系数为0.45±0.05,磨损宽度约0.21 mm,经跑合后,接触电阻稳定在(0.06±0.03) Ω;中速（10 r/min）时,摩擦系数降至约0.35,磨损宽度增至0.58 mm;高速（100 r/min）下,摩擦系数降至0.3以下,磨损宽度约0.89 mm。真空条件下,载荷试验显示,0.3 N时,磨损宽度为0.29 mm,1 N时降至0.17 mm,3 N时升至约0.27 mm。电流试验表明,在大气条件下,6 A时的接触电阻波动较大,20 A时显著降低,且摩擦系数约为0.3;在真空条件下,6 A时的摩擦系数约0.2,20 A时因焦耳热与局部电弧作用,导致摩擦系数和法向力明显波动。结论 滑动速度、载荷和电流呈耦合效应,在真空中较优化载荷约为1 N、低速约1 r/min、电流约6 A。通过优化速度-载荷-电流组合可有效抑制界面损伤,为空间导电滑环工况参数设计及可靠性评估提供了可靠依据。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the current-carrying friction and wear behavior of space conductive slip rings in a vacuum environment and their evolution, so as to provide data support for enhancing the reliability of rotary electric transmission systems in spacecraft. A self-developed vacuum current-carrying friction and wear test rig was used to systematically study the effects of sliding speed, contact load, and current intensity on the friction coefficient, contact resistance, and wear morphology. Comparative experiments under atmospheric and vacuum conditions were conducted to reveal the damage mechanisms at the contact interface. Under atmospheric conditions, at low speed (1 r/min), the friction coefficient was 0.45±0.05, with a wear width of approximately 0.21 mm; and after a running-in period, the contact resistance stabilized at (0.06±0.03) Ω. At medium speed (10 r/min), the friction coefficient decreased to about 0.35 while the wear width increased to 0.58 mm. At high speed (100 r/min), the friction coefficient dropped below 0.3, and the wear width reached approximately 0.89 mm. Under vacuum conditions, the load tests showed a wear width of 0.29 mm at 0.3 N, which decreased to 0.17 mm at 1 N and then increased to about 0.27 mm at 3 N. Current tests indicated that under atmospheric conditions, the contact resistance fluctuated considerably at 6 A and was significantly reduced at 20 A, with the friction coefficient remaining around 0.3. Under vacuum conditions, the friction coefficient was about 0.2 at 6 A; while at 20 A, due to Joule heating and local arc effects, both the friction coefficient and normal force fluctuated markedly. In conclusion, sliding speed, load, and current exhibit a coupled effect. In vacuum conditions, an optimized load of approximately 1 N, a low speed of about 1 r/min, and a current around 6 A effectively suppress interface damage by optimizing the speed-load-current combination. These findings provide a reliable basis for the design of operating parameters and reliability evaluation of space conductive slip rings.
关键词
导电滑环 /
铍青铜 /
真空载流摩擦磨损 /
磨损形貌 /
黏着磨损 /
接触电阻 /
电弧侵蚀
Key words
conductive slip ring /
beryllium bronze /
vacuum current-carrying friction and wear /
wear morphology /
adhesive wear /
contact resistance /
arc erosion
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