目的 为飞机超高强度钢关键部件电镀镉钛后处理方案的科学选择与优化提供理论依据与实验支撑。方法 在新飞机普遍采用的A100钢表面制备镉钛镀层,并分别进行钝化、磷化、磷化+疏水后处理,利用SEM、EDS、XRD、SKP、EIS等技术,对比不同后处理方式对A100钢镀镉钛性能的影响。结果 钝化、磷化、磷化+疏水处理3种后处理方式可使镉钛镀层由黄白色转变为黄色、浅灰色、浅灰色,钝化可降低镉钛镀层的粗糙度,而磷化及磷化+疏水处理使得试件表面粗糙度明显升高。钝化处理和无处理的试验件表面伏打电位均值相近,而经过磷化和憎水磷化处理后,电位明显上升。磷化+疏水处理后,镉钛镀层表面电位分布标准差最低,表明其电位分布更为均匀,钝化处理次之,磷化最差。经磷化+疏水处理的样品表现出最高的自腐蚀电位（Ecorr）和最低的自腐蚀电流密度（Jcorr）,其电化学阻抗谱中的膜层电阻（Rf）和电荷转移电阻（Rct）也均为最大。钝化处理样品的Jcorr和Rct值与磷化+疏水处理相近,但其Rf值显著较低,原因可能在于其膜层较薄。相比之下,磷化处理样品的Jcorr值仅略低于未处理样品,但其Rf值显著增大（约为未处理样品的3倍）,明显低于未处理样品。结论 通过这3种后处理工艺处理后,A100钢的耐腐蚀性能及抗局部腐蚀性能排序为磷化+疏水处理>钝化处理>磷化处理。
Abstract
The work aims to provide theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the scientific selection and optimization of post-treatment strategies for electroplated cadmium-titanium (Cd-Ti) coatings on ultra-high-strength steel aircraft components. The Cd-Ti coatings were electrodeposited on A100 steel—a material now widely used in new-generation aircraft. Three post-treatment methods of chromate passivation, phosphating, and phosphating followed by hydrophobic sealing were applied. The effects of these treatments on the performance of the Cd-Ti-coated A100 steel were systematically compared through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning Kelvin probe (SKP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The three post-treatment method—passivation, phosphating, and phosphating followed by hydrophobic sealing—altered the color of the Cd-Ti coating from yellowish-white to yellow and light grey. Passivation reduced the surface roughness (Ra), while phosphating and the combined phosphating and hydrophobic sealing significantly increased Ra. The average volta potential of the passivated specimens was similar to that of the untreated coating. In contrast, phosphated and hydrophobically phosphated surfaces exhibited a notable potential increase. Among the treated specimens, the phosphating + hydrophobic treatment resulted in the lowest standard deviation in potential distribution, indicating the most uniform surface electrochemistry, followed by passivation, with phosphating alone showing the least uniformity. Potentiodynamic tests revealed that the phosphating+hydrophobic treatment produced the highest corrosion potential (Ecorr) and the lowest corrosion current density (Jcorr). Similarly, EIS results showed the largest film resistance (Rf) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) for this combined treatment. The passivated specimens had icorr and Rct values comparable to those of the phosphating+hydrophobic system, but their Rf values were significantly lower, likely due to a thinner conversion film. In comparison, the Jcorr of the phosphated specimen was relatively lower than that of the untreated coating but the Rf increased significantly (approximately three times that of the untreated specimen) and the Rct was even lower than that of the untreated specimen. In summary, the corrosion resistance and localized corrosion inhibition capability of the three post-treatment processes rank as follows: phosphating+hydrophobic treatment>passivation>phosphating.
关键词
镀隔钛 /
磷化 /
钝化 /
疏水 /
腐蚀 /
A100钢
Key words
Cd-Ti plating /
phosphating /
passivation /
hydrophobization /
corrosion /
A100 steel
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基金
中国博士后基金（2022M713836）; 山东省青年创新团队（2022KJ082）
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