目的 探究微弧氧化（MAO）技术对碳化硅铝基复合材料（SiCp/Al）在酸性污染海洋环境中的防护性能,通过优化脉冲频率（f）和电解液成分（磷酸钠/硅酸钠质量比,即磷硅比）,提升MAO膜层的微观结构、致密度、厚度及耐蚀性。方法 采用正交试验设计,选取不同磷硅比（1∶2、1∶5、1∶10）与脉冲频率（200、250、300 Hz）制备MAO膜层,利用扫描电镜（SEM）分析膜层形貌,通过涡流测厚仪测量膜厚,并结合电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和酸性盐雾试验（ASS）评估其耐蚀性能。结果 磷硅比为2∶1时,膜层厚度达到最大值（63.8 μm）,致密度最优。脉冲频率为250 Hz时,膜层结构最致密,偏离该频率（200/300 Hz）均容易导致膜层结构疏松。酸性盐雾测试表明,磷硅比为1∶2时,膜层的结构稳定性最佳。结论 MAO膜层中未发现明显SiC增强相,表明增强相在膜层生长过程中被氧化或脱落,导致膜层致密性降低。由于磷酸根与铝离子更容易沉淀,通过提高电解液中磷硅比,促进AlPO4沉积,从而提高膜层致密性。此外,合理的频率可以控制沉积与烧结的平衡,使得膜层获得最佳的致密性。酸性盐雾环境中,SiCp/Al的MAO膜层因孔隙处萌生点蚀,Cl–渗透至膜层/基材界面,引发基材金属溶解,腐蚀产物体积膨胀,从而产生应力,最终导致膜层剥落。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the protective performance of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology on silicon carbide aluminum matrix composites (SiCp/Al) in acidic polluted marine environments, and to improve the microstructure, density, thickness and corrosion resistance of MAO films by optimizing the pulse frequency (f) and electrolyte composition (sodium phosphate/sodium silicate mass ratio, i.e., phosphorus-silicon ratio). A MAO film was prepared by orthogonal experimental design, and different phosphorus-silicon ratios (1 : 2, 1 : 5, 1 : 10) and pulse frequencies (200 Hz, 250 Hz, 300 Hz) were selected, the morphology of the film was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the thickness of the film was measured by eddy current thickness gauge, and the corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and acid salt spray test (ASS). When the phosphorus-silicon ratio was 2 : 1, the thickness of the films reached the maximum value (63.8 μm), and the density was the best. When the pulse frequency was 250 Hz, the film structure was the most dense, and deviation from this frequency (200/300 Hz) led to the loosening of the film structure. The acid salt spray test showed that when the phosphorus-silicon ratio was 1 : 2, the structural stability of the film was the best. There is no obvious SiC reinforcement phase in the MAO film, indicating that the reinforcement phase is oxidized or shed during the growth of the film, resulting in the reduction of the compactness of the film. Since phosphate and aluminum ions are more likely to precipitate, the deposition of AlPO4 is promoted by increasing the phosphorus-silicon ratio in the electrolyte, thereby improving the density of the film. In addition, the balance between deposition and sintering can be controlled by a reasonable frequency, resulting in the best possible compactness of the film. In the acidic salt spray environment, the MAO film of SiCp/Al is pitted due to the initiation of pores, and the penetration of Cl⁻ into the interface of the film/substrate causes the dissolution of the substrate metal, and the volume expansion of the corrosion products causes stress, which eventually leads to the peeling of the film.
关键词
铝基复合材料 /
微弧氧化 /
脉冲频率 /
酸性盐雾 /
磷硅比
Key words
aluminum matrix composites /
MAO /
pulse frequency /
acidic salt spray /
phosphorus-silicon ratio
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