目的 进行风机叶片防雷设计,使其可以适应超高海拔环境,达到安全稳定运行效果。方法 利用仿真模拟技术针对风机叶片的叶身和叶尖接闪器开展设计研究,主要研究接闪器在雷电引入后表面的电场、电流分布,以及拐点或尖端等结构薄弱区温度分布,并标记重点关注部位,对其温度分布开展研究分析,从而评估结构设计的合理性。采用初始先导附着试验、后续冲击附着试验、电弧引入试验以及传导电流试验方法针对设计的叶片结构开展性能验证测试。结果 通过仿真模拟数据分析发现,叶尖接闪器具有较多的雷击附着点,尤其需关注叶片内部的尖端区域。叶身接闪器的通流能力较强,但是可能会在接闪器的边沿处产生局部熔蚀。通过对设计的风机叶片样品进行防雷性能测试,试验中电流放电未造成避雷系统及根部连接的结构损伤,放电瞬间连接处没有火花,试验过程未发现松动,且连接处没有损坏。结论 通过仿真模拟和试验测试研究分析表明,设计的适高海拔风机叶片接闪器布局结构合理,叶尖和叶身接闪器均可有效降低雷击作用。还可以进一步优化结构设计,比如对叶片内部的尖端作圆角处理,降低其接闪概率。叶身接闪器建议增加接闪面积,如增厚边缘和增大圆角,尽可能减小局部损伤。同时,结合服役环境特征,调整设计满足适应高海拔的叶片,保障风机叶片长效安全运行。
Abstract
The work aims to carry out lightning protection design of wind turbine blades, to make them adapt to the ultra-high altitude environment and achieve safe and stable operation effects. In this paper, simulation technology was used to conduct design research on the blade body lightning arrester and the tip lightning arrester of the wind turbine blades. The main research focused on the surface electric field, current distribution after the lightning was introduced into the lightning arrester, as well as the temperature distribution in the weak structural areas such as the inflection points or tips. The key areas of concern were marked, and the temperature distribution was studied, thus the rationality of structural design could be evaluated. Furthermore, performance test research on the designed blade structure was carried out through the initial leader attachment test, subsequent impulse attachment test, arc introduction test, and conduction current test methods. Through simulation and data analysis, it was found that the tip lightning arrester had more lightning attachment points, especially the tip region inside the blade. The arc introduction test found that the current discharge did not cause obvious damage to the lightning protection system, the connection of the air-termination was not loose, and the current discharge did not cause obvious damage to the blade structure. In the conduction current test, the current discharge did not cause structural damage to the lightning protection system and the root connection. There was no spark at the connection point during the discharge moment, and the connection point was not damaged. Analysis through simulation and experimental testing indicates that the layout structure of the designed high-altitude wind turbine blade lightning receptors is reasonable, and both the tip lightning receptors and the blade body lightning receptors can effectively reduce the impact of lightning strikes. But performance can be further improved. For example, when installing lightning receptors on the blade body, the tips inside should be rounded to reduce the probability of lightning strikes on internal tips. It is recommended to thicken the edges of the blade receptors, increase the radius of curvature, and expand the lightning-receiving area to minimize local damage as much as possible. At the same time, design adjustments should be made based on service environment characteristics to meet the requirements for high-altitude blades, ensuring long-term safe operation of wind turbine blades.
关键词
超高海拔 /
风机叶片 /
防雷设计 /
仿真模拟 /
接闪器 /
防雷防护措施
Key words
ultra-high altitude /
wind turbine blade /
lightning protection design /
simulation /
lightning arrester /
lightning protection measure
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基金
西藏自治区“十四五”时期清洁能源科技重大专项（XZ202201ZD0003G）
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