铍青铜导电滑环真空载流摩擦磨损寿命预测

刘艳敏; 邓超文; 骆孝武; 马宁宁; 杨林; 李璞; 周青华; 张强

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.07.009

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (7) : 80-96. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.07.009

航空航天装备

铍青铜导电滑环真空载流摩擦磨损寿命预测

刘艳敏¹, 邓超文^2,3, 骆孝武², 马宁宁², 杨林^2,3, 李璞^2,*, 周青华^2,*, 张强¹

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Prediction of Friction and Wear Life of Beryllium Bronze Conductive Slip Rings under Vacuum Current-carrying Conditions

LIU Yanmin¹, DENG Chaowen^2,3, LUO Xiaowu², MA Ningning², YANG Lin^2,3, LI Pu^2,*, ZHOU Qinghua^2,*, ZHANG Qiang¹

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摘要

目的针对空间导电滑环在高真空极端工况下的界面损伤与长寿命服役难题,探究铍青铜真空载流摩擦磨损行为与演化机理,构建多场耦合磨损寿命预测模型,为航天器旋转电传输机构的可靠性提升提供理论与数据支撑。方法在真空环境下,以空间滑环常用铍青铜为研究对象,设计11组单变量梯度工况,系统分析滑动速度（10.47~31.42 mm/s）、电流（0~18 A）、磨损路程（75.4~7 539.8 m）对摩擦学性能的影响。基于Archard磨损模型与赫兹接触力学,引入温度软化、电弧侵蚀、速度调控、磨屑自润滑4类修正系数,构建真空载流磨损预测模型,并完成标定验证。结果在真空环境下,铍青铜磨损体积随滑动速度、电流升高呈加速增长趋势,磨损机制从低速低电流下的磨粒磨损,转变为高速高电流下的磨粒-黏着-电弧侵蚀复合磨损;随磨损路程增加,自润滑效应使稳定磨损期磨损率较跑合期下降72.3%;标定后模型的磨损体积预测值与实测值平均相对偏差9.1%,最大偏差不超过13%。结论所构建的多场耦合磨损模型基于赫兹接触与Archard理论,适用于球形压头与金属基平面载流摩擦副,可精准表征铍青铜真空载流摩擦磨损演化规律,预测精度满足航天工程应用要求,可为空间导电滑环的工况优化与寿命评估提供可靠依据。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the friction and wear behavior and evolution mechanisms of beryllium bronze under vacuum current-carrying conditions, develop a multi-field coupled wear life prediction model to provide theoretical and data support for improving the reliability of rotating power transmission mechanisms in spacecraft, so as to address the challenges of interface damage and long-term service life of space-grade conductive slip rings under extreme high-vacuum conditions. Under vacuum conditions, using QBe beryllium bronze--a material commonly employed in space slip rings--as the research subject, 11 sets of single-variable gradient test conditions were designed to systematically analyze the effects of sliding speed (10.47-31.42 mm/s), current intensity (0-18 A), and wear distance (75.4-7 539.8 m) on tribological performance. Based on the Archard wear model and Hertzian contact mechanics, four correction factors--temperature softening, arc erosion, speed regulation, and wear particle self-lubrication--were introduced to construct a vacuum current-carrying wear prediction model, which was subsequently calibrated and validated. Under vacuum conditions, the wear volume of beryllium bronze exhibited an accelerating growth trend with increasing sliding speed and current. The wear mechanism transitioned from abrasive wear at low speeds and currents to a composite wear mechanism involving abrasion, adhesion, and arc erosion at high speeds and currents. As the wear distance increased, the self-lubrication effect reduced the wear rate during the stable wear period by 72.3% compared with the running-in period. The average relative deviation between the predicted wear volume from the calibrated model and the measured values was 9.1%, with a maximum deviation not exceeding 13%. The multi-field coupled wear model developed based on the Hertzian contact and Archard theory is applicable to spherical indenters and metal-based planar current-carrying friction pairs, and can accurately characterize the evolution of friction and wear in beryllium bronze under vacuum current-carrying conditions. Its prediction accuracy meets the requirements for aerospace engineering applications and provides a reliable basis for optimizing operating conditions and assessing the service life of space-based conductive slip rings.

导出引用

刘艳敏, 邓超文, 骆孝武, 马宁宁, 杨林, 李璞, 周青华, 张强. 铍青铜导电滑环真空载流摩擦磨损寿命预测[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(7): 80-96 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.07.009

LIU Yanmin, DENG Chaowen, LUO Xiaowu, MA Ningning, YANG Lin, LI Pu, ZHOU Qinghua, ZHANG Qiang. Prediction of Friction and Wear Life of Beryllium Bronze Conductive Slip Rings under Vacuum Current-carrying Conditions[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(7): 80-96 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.07.009

中图分类号： V443

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