高温尾气环境下石英/莫来石纤维隔热瓦的性能演化研究

栾志强; 尚磊; 翟寒蕾; 彭星; 檀铭一; 韩文波

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.07.013

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (7) : 133-142. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.07.013

航空航天装备

高温尾气环境下石英/莫来石纤维隔热瓦的性能演化研究

栾志强¹, 尚磊², 翟寒蕾², 彭星^3,*, 檀铭一¹, 韩文波¹

作者信息 +

Performance Evolution of Quartz/Mullite Fiber Insulation Tiles under High-temperature Exhaust Gas Environment

LUAN Zhiqiang¹, SHANG Lei², ZHAI Hanlei², PENG Xing^3,*, TAN Mingyi¹, HAN Wenbo¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的评估石英/莫来石纤维隔热瓦在模拟飞行器高温、尾气与淋雨耦合环境下的性能演变规律,揭示其在该环境下的失效机理,为高速飞行器热防护材料的选型与寿命预测提供实验依据。方法针对具有广泛应用前景的石英/莫来石纤维隔热瓦,通过模拟淋雨与模拟发动机尾气环境,开展1~5次循环腐蚀疲劳试验。利用电子万能试验机测试其在室温和1 100 ℃高温下的压缩性能,采用SEM、XRD分析微观形貌与物相组成,并通过压汞法、平板导热仪、热膨胀仪等表征其经数次循环后的孔隙结构及热学性能,明确隔热瓦在淋雨-尾气环境下的损伤行为。结果室温压缩强度随循环次数增加而下降,断裂应变从65%降至约20%,高温压缩强度先增大后减小。XRD分析结果表明,石英从硅酸盐逐渐转变为α-石英与方石英,4次循环后发生明显相变,并伴随微裂纹产生。SEM结果显示,纤维破碎、孔隙率上升。热导率在3次循环后下降,但始终维持在较低水平。结论该隔热瓦在模拟环境中因相变与纤维骨架降解导致力学性能逐渐劣化,但仍具备优良的隔热性能,研究结果可为高速飞行器热防护材料的服役评估提供参考。

Abstract

The work aims to evaluate the performance evolution and failure mechanisms of quartz/mullite fiber insulation tiles under simulated coupled high-temperature, engine exhaust, and rain conditions, providing an experimental basis for material selection and service-life prediction of thermal protection systems in high-speed aircrafts. Quartz/mullite fiber insulation tiles of broad application prospects were subject to cyclic corrosion-fatigue tests (1-5 cycles) in simulated rain and engine exhaust atmospheres. Compression tests at room temperature and 1 100 ℃ were performed with an electronic universal testing machine. Microstructure and phase composition were analyzed by SEM and XRD; pore structure and thermal properties after several cycles were characterized by mercury intrusionporosimetry, a plate thermal conductivity meter, and a thermal dilatometer to clarify the damage behavior of insulation tiles in the environment of rain and engine exhaust. The results showed that compressive strength at room temperature decreased with increasing cycles, and fracture strain dropped from 65% to about 20%. Compressive strength at high temperature first increased and then decreased. XRD indicated that quartz gradually transformed from silicate to α-quartz and cristobalite; a distinct phase change accompanied by micro-cracking occurred after 4 cycles. SEM showed fiber fragmentation and increased porosity. Thermal conductivity decreased after 3 cycles but remained at a low level throughout. Under the simulated environment, the insulation tiles experience progressive mechanical degradation due to phase transformation and fiber-skeleton deterioration, while still retaining excellent thermal insulation performance. The findings provide a reference for service assessment of thermal protection materials in high-speed aircrafts.

导出引用

栾志强, 尚磊, 翟寒蕾, 彭星, 檀铭一, 韩文波. 高温尾气环境下石英/莫来石纤维隔热瓦的性能演化研究[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(7): 133-142 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.07.013

LUAN Zhiqiang, SHANG Lei, ZHAI Hanlei, PENG Xing, TAN Mingyi, HAN Wenbo. Performance Evolution of Quartz/Mullite Fiber Insulation Tiles under High-temperature Exhaust Gas Environment[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(7): 133-142 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.07.013

中图分类号： TB332

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