Antioxidation and Electromagnetic Properties of TiC@CNTs Composite Materials Prepared by Hydrothermal Mixing Method

LU Yanyan; LIU Gu; WANG Liuying; GE Chaoqun; WANG Bin; XU Kejun

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2025.08.012

PDF(5529 KB)

Equipment Environmental Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (8) : 89-99. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2025.08.012

Aviation and Aerospace Equipment

Antioxidation and Electromagnetic Properties of TiC@CNTs Composite Materials Prepared by Hydrothermal Mixing Method

LU Yanyan, LIU Gu^*, WANG Liuying^*, GE Chaoqun, WANG Bin, XU Kejun

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Based on the susceptibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to oxidation, which limits their application in high-temperature environments, the work aims to rationally modify CNTs to enhance their oxidation resistance and broaden their effective operating temperature range. TiC@CNTs composite absorbing materials were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method combined with surface modification with silane coupling agents. The functionalization treatment with silane coupling agents and hydrothermal reaction not only enhanced the oxidation resistance of CNTs, raised the oxidation temperature by 40 ℃, but also effectively improved the impedance matching performance of CNTs through the chemical site reaction between TiC and CNTs, broadening the effective absorbing frequency band. It was found that when the mass ratio of TiC to CNTs was 1:1 and the thickness was 3.72 mm, the composite material exhibited excellent microwave absorbing performance in the frequency bands of 5.7-7.4 GHz, 8-14 GHz, and 15-18 GHz, with reflection rates all below -10 dB, effectively covering the C band, X band, and Ku band. When the mass ratio was 1:1.5 and the thickness was 2.27 mm, the maximum effective bandwidth was shown in the frequency band of 10.64-18 GHz. This outstanding electromagnetic wave absorbing performance is mainly attributed to the conductive loss and multiple polarization relaxation processes within the material. This research provides new ideas and methods for the development of high-performance, wide-band, and high-temperature absorbing materials.

Key words

carbon nanotubes (CNTs) / titanium carbide (TiC) / dielectric properties / oxidation resistance / high-temperature wave absorption / electromagnetic wave absorption

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

LU Yanyan, LIU Gu, WANG Liuying, GE Chaoqun, WANG Bin, XU Kejun. Antioxidation and Electromagnetic Properties of TiC@CNTs Composite Materials Prepared by Hydrothermal Mixing Method[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2025, 22(8): 89-99 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2025.08.012

References

[1] YENILMEZ F, MUTLU I.Production of Metamaterial- Based Radar Absorbing Material for Stealth Technology[J]. Brazilian Journal of Physics, 2024, 54(2): 60.
[2] GUAN C L, SU S H, WANG B, et al.Electromagnetic Stealth Technology: A Review of Wave-Absorbing Structures[J]. Materials & Design, 2025, 253: 113891.
[3] ZENG X J, CHENG X Y, YU R H, et al.Electromagnetic Microwave Absorption Theory and Recent Achievements in Microwave Absorbers[J]. Carbon, 2020, 168: 606-623.
[4] MA C S, YU W B, MA G Z, et al.Recent Progress on High Temperature Radar Absorbing Coatings (RACs): A Review[J]. Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, 2023, 48(6): 726-753.
[5] WANG C, ZHAO C Q, PENG H Y, et al.Design and Performance Study of Ultra-High Temperature CaMnO3/ Polysilylaryl-Enyne Absorbing Material[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(11): 20421-20430.
[6] WEI H J, YIN X W, JIANG F R, et al.Optimized Design of High-Temperature Microwave Absorption Properties of CNTS/Sc₂Si₂O₇ Ceramics[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 823: 153864.
[7] KIM S H, LEE S Y, ZHANG Y L, et al.Carbon-Based Radar Absorbing Materials Toward Stealth Technologies[J]. Advanced Science, 2023, 10(32): 2303104.
[8] CAI Y Z, YU H M, CHENG L F, et al.Structure Design, Surface Modification, and Application of CNT Microwave-Absorbing Composites[J]. Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2023, 7(12): 2300272.
[9] CHEN M D, YU H Z, JIE X H, et al.Optimization on Microwave Absorbing Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Magnetic Oxide Composite Materials[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 434: 1321-1326.
[10] LI R, QING Y C, ZHAO J J, et al.SiC-Coated Carbon Nanotubes with Enhanced Oxidation Resistance and Stable Dielectric Properties[J]. Materials, 2021, 14(11): 2770.
[11] ZHANG L N, SONG G J, ZHAO Z T, et al.Structurally Stable, High-Strength Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Resin Aerogels as Three-Dimensional Skeletal Precursors for Wave-Absorbing Materials[J]. Gels, 2022, 8(10): 618.
[12] MAZURENKO R, PROKOPENKO S, GODZIERZ M, et al.Synthesis of Nanosized Spinel Ferrites MnFe₂O₄ on the Surface of Carbon Nanotubes for the Creation of Polymer Composites with Enhanced Microwave Absorption Capacity[J]. Applied Materials Today, 2023, 35: 101972.
[13] ZHANG F, JIA Z R, ZHOU J X, et al.Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Carbon Nanotubes for Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 450: 138205.
[14] 王伟超, 刘顾, 汪刘应, 等. 化学气相沉积法制备同轴核壳结构CNTs@SiC的电磁特性研究[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2022, 51(10): 3743-3751.
WANG W C, LIU G, WANG L Y, et al.Electromagnetic Properties of Coaxial Core-Shell CNTs@SiC Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2022, 51(10): 3743-3751.
[15] YANG W, HUANG X Z, WANG P S, et al.Dual-Phase Strengthening in Co-Based Superalloys via In-Situ TiC and γ’ for Superior High-Temperature Performance[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2025, 942: 148645.
[16] LIU X L, ZHU K, ZHONG L M, et al.Enhancement of Hardness and High-Temperature Wear Resistance of Laser-Clad CoAlTiWTa RHEA Coating on Inconel 718 Superalloy by Addition of TiC[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2024, 59(38): 18196-18214.
[17] LEE Y H, KO S, PARK H, et al.Effect of TiC Particle Size on High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of TiC Reinforced Stainless Steel[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 480: 951-955.
[18] DING J X, CHEN F B, CHEN J X, et al.MXene-Derived TiC/SiBCN Ceramics with Excellent Electromagnetic Absorption and High-Temperature Resistance[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2021, 104(4): 1772-1784.
[19] LI J L, XU Z L, LI Y J, et al.Intergranular Passivation of the TiC Coating for Enhancing Corrosion Resistance and Surface Conductivity in Stainless-Steel Bipolar Plates[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2021, 56(14): 8689-8703.
[20] YUAN X M, ZHU H N, JI H L, et al.Effect of CNT Contents on the Microstructure and Properties of CNT/TiMg Composites[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(10): 1620.
[21] XIE Q Y, WOSU S N.The Effect of TaC Reinforcement on the Oxidation Resistance of CNTS/SiC CMCS[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2016, 25(3): 874-883.
[22] LEI C K, DING D H, XIAO G Q, et al.Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Properties and Oxidation Resistance of CNTS/SiC Composite Bonded with CNTs@calcium Aluminate Cement[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(19): 35007-35018.
[23] KAINZ C, SCHALK N, SARINGER C, et al.In-Situ Investigation of the Oxidation Behavior of Powdered TiN, Ti(C, N) and TiC Coatings Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 406: 126633.
[24] ZIA T U H, GUL I H, KEBAILI I, et al. Cole-Cole Plot Analysis of Complex Permittivity for Investigating the Dielectric Relaxation Process in Polystyrene Based High-k Nanocomposite[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2025, 343: 131048.
[25] BIAN L, PAN J, GAO M, et al.Improved Energy Method and Agglomeration Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Polymer Composites[J]. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 2024, 132: 108838.
[26] FARRAG E A.Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Three- Phase MWCNTS-PANI Polystyrene Nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2019, 32(7): 884-894.
[27] WANG P, CHENG L F, ZHANG L T.One-Dimensional Carbon/SiC Nanocomposites with Tunable Dielectric and Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties[J]. Carbon, 2017, 125: 207-220.
[28] WANG Y, DI X C, WU X M, et al.MOF-Derived Nanoporous Carbon/Co/Co₃O₄/CNTS/RGO Composite with Hierarchical Structure as a High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Absorber[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 846: 156215.
[29] 朱若星, 赵廷凯, 折胜飞, 等. 螺旋型非晶态碳纳米管/双马来酰亚胺树脂(HACNT/BMI)复合材料的制备及吸波机理[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(10): 10216-10220.
ZHU R X, ZHAO T K, ZHE S F, et al.Preparation and Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Mechanism of Helical Amorphous Carbon Nanotube/Bismaleimide (HACNT/BMI) Resin Composites[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(10): 10216-10220.
[30] WANG X Y, DU Z J, HOU M M, et al.Approximate Solution of Impedance Matching for Nonmagnetic Homogeneous Absorbing Materials[J]. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 2022, 231(24): 4213-4220.
[31] FENG Y M, LI T T, GE K Y, et al.Impedance Matching Strategy Boost Excellent Wave Absorption Performance of Zinc-Aluminosilicate Cladded Short Carbon Fiber Core-Sheath Structure[J]. Materials Research Bulletin, 2022, 153: 111872.
[32] LI Y R, LI D M, WANG X, et al.Influence of the Electromagnetic Parameters on the Surface Wave Attenuation in Thin Absorbing Layers[J]. AIP Advances, 2018, 8(5): 056616.
[33] WEN J H, LAN D, WANG Y Q, et al.Absorption Properties and Mechanism of Lightweight and Broadband Electromagnetic Wave-Absorbing Porous Carbon by the Swelling Treatment[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2024, 31(7): 1701-1712.
[34] HOU Z L, GAO X S, ZHANG J Y, et al.A Perspective on Impedance Matching and Resonance Absorption Mechanism for Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing[J]. Carbon, 2024, 222: 118935.
[35] HE F, ZHAO Y, SI K X, et al.Multisection Step-Impedance Modeling and Analysis of Broadband Microwave Honeycomb Absorbing Structures[J]. Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, 2021, 54(1): 015501.
[36] LIU J W, YANG H B, ZHAO H G, et al.A Lightweight Waterborne Acoustic Meta-Absorber with Low Characteristic Impedance Rods[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2023, 255: 108469.
[37] DING D H, WANG J, YU X M, et al.Dispersing of Functionalized CNTS in Si-O-C Ceramics and Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing and Mechanical Properties of CNTS/Si-O-C Nanocomposites[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(4): 5407-5419.
[38] SHEN H, WANG Z, WANG C, et al.Defect- and Interface-Induced Dielectric Loss in ZnFe₂O₄/ZnO/C Electromagnetic Wave Absorber[J]. Nanomaterials, 2022, 12(16): 2871.
[39] WU W W, HAN L L, WANG Z, et al.Study of the Relaxation Time for the Polarization Mechanism in SiO₂- SiC/B₄C Nanowires with Broadband Absorption of Microwave[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(8): 12763-12770.
[40] YAN L, LI Y, TONG S Y, et al.Controllable Surface Functionalization of Rice Husk-Derived Porous Carbon by Atomic Layer Deposition for Highly-Efficient Microwave Absorption[J]. Vacuum, 2024, 224: 113199.
[41] LAN D, HU Y, WANG M, et al.Perspective of Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials with Continuously Tunable Effective Absorption Frequency Bands[J]. Composites Communications, 2024, 50: 101993.

Funding

Special Support Program for High-level Talents of Shaanxi Province (2020-44); "Sanqin" Special Support Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Teams; Shaanxi Provincial University Youth Innovation Team