Active Thermal Control Research for Low-orbit Satellite Battery Packs under Low-temperature Conditions

ZHANG Chi; DOU Yangzhen; ZHANG Fan

doi:10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.04.011

PDF(7030 KB)

Equipment Environmental Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4) : 114-122. DOI: 10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.04.011

Aviation and Aerospace Equipment

Active Thermal Control Research for Low-orbit Satellite Battery Packs under Low-temperature Conditions

ZHANG Chi, DOU Yangzhen, ZHANG Fan^*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to obtain an active thermal control strategy for low-orbit satellite battery packs in low-temperature environments and ensure that the battery pack operates within the target temperature range (15-25 ℃). A physical model of the battery pack was established. Using Ansys software, steady-state and transient thermal simulations were conducted to determine the heating power required for the battery pack heater to raise the temperature within 30 minutes and the power needed to maintain the temperature subsequently. Based on the thermal simulation results, the battery pack was assembled with heaters attached, and ground tests were carried out to analyze the correlation between the simulation and experimental results. The simulation indicated a power control strategy of “15 W heating for 30 minutes followed by 3 W continuous maintenance”. In the ground tests, after 30 minutes of heating at 15 W, the temperature of the battery pack rose to 15.4 ℃. After switching to a 3 W maintenance power, the temperature stabilized between 17 ℃ and 19 ℃, meeting the target operating temperature requirements. According to the simulation and experimental verification, heating the satellite battery pack via heaters in low-temperature environments can ensure its operation within the target temperature range.

Key words

low-orbit satellite / battery pack / heater / thermal simulation / ground test / target operating temperature

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

ZHANG Chi, DOU Yangzhen, ZHANG Fan. Active Thermal Control Research for Low-orbit Satellite Battery Packs under Low-temperature Conditions[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(4): 114-122 https://doi.org/10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2026.04.011

References

[1] 王锴. SAR卫星电源系统研究[J]. 电源技术, 2023, 47(10): 1364-1367.
WANG K.Research on Power Supply System for SAR Satellite[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2023, 47(10): 1364-1367.
[2] 王利然, 周蓉, 张文芳, 等. GEO卫星锂离子蓄电池在轨管理策略的演进[J]. 电源技术, 2025, 49(2): 300-306.
WANG L R, ZHOU R, ZHANG W F, et al.Evolution of On-Orbit Management Strategy of Lithium-Ion Battery for GEO Satellite[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 49(2): 300-306.
[3] 刘通, 杨瑰婷, 毕辉, 等. 高能量密度与高功率密度兼顾型锂离子电池研究现状与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(1): 54-76.
LIU T, YANG G T, BI H, et al.Recent Progress in High-Energy and High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 54-76.
[4] 晏莉琴, 马尚德, 罗英, 等. 锂离子电池快速寿命评价技术与方法[J]. 上海航天(中英文), 2023, 40(1): 123-135.
YAN L Q, MA S D, LUO Y, et al.Overview of Rapid Lifetime Evaluation Technologies and Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Aerospace Shanghai, 2023, 40(1): 123-135.
[5] 宋缙华, 丰震河, 郭向飞, 等. SAR卫星用能量功率兼顾型锂离子电池研究[J]. 上海航天(中英文), 2020, 37(2): 104-108.
SONG J H, FENG Z H, GUO X F, et al.Investigation of Lithium Ion Batteries with both Energy and Power for SAR Satellites[J]. Aerospace Shanghai (Chinese & English), 2020, 37(2): 104-108.
[6] 路露, 周小红, 余乐平, 等. 锂离子电池低温性能研究进展[J]. 化工新型材料, 2021, 49(11): 55-58.
LU L, ZHOU X H, YU L P, et al.Research Progress on Low Temperature Performance of Li-Ion Battery[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2021, 49(11): 55-58.
[7] 胡华坤, 李新丽, 薛文东, 等. 基于CiteSpace的锂离子电池用低温电解液知识图谱分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 379-396.
HU H K, LI X L, XUE W D, et al.Knowledge Map Analysis of a Low-Temperature Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on CiteSpace[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 379-396.
[8] 梁宏毅, 陈锋, 甘友毅, 等. 动力锂电池三元正极低温性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 293-298.
LIANG H Y, CHEN F, GAN Y Y, et al.Characteristics of Ternary Cathode of Lithium-Ion Power Battery at Low Temperature[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 293-298.
[9] 李萌, 王跃, 邱景义, 等. 低温条件下磷酸铁锂-石墨体系锂离子电池阻抗研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3538-3544.
LI M, WANG Y, QIU J Y, et al.Study on Impedance of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Iron Phosphate and Graphite System under Low Temperature[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3538-3544.
[10] 王军, 阮琳, 邱彦靓. 锂离子电池低温快速加热方法研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(5): 1563-1574.
WANG J, RUAN L, QIU Y L.Research Progress on Rapid Heating Methods for Lithium-Ion Battery in Low-Temperature[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1563-1574.
[11] 吴怡芳, 刘学谦, 贾佳林, 等. 低温锂离子电池性能退化原因与对策[J]. 电源技术, 2023, 47(9): 1113-1117.
WU Y F, LIU X Q, JIA J L, et al.Reasons and Countermeasures for Performance Degradation in Lithium Ion Battery under Low Temperature Circumstances[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2023, 47(9): 1113-1117.
[12] 刘绍然, 刘正山, 石明, 等. 通信卫星在轨热控功率评估研究[J]. 航天器工程, 2021, 30(1): 79-85.
LIU S R, LIU Z S, SHI M, et al.Study of On-Orbit Thermal Control Power Evaluation of Communications Satellite[J]. Spacecraft Engineering, 2021, 30(1): 79-85.
[13] 林士峰, 李锴, 林宝军, 等. MEO导航卫星热控系统设计及验证[J]. 空间科学学报, 2022, 42(1): 144-152.
LIN S F, LI K, LIN B J, et al.Thermal Control Design and Validated for MEO Navigation Satellites[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2022, 42(1): 144-152.
[14] 胡帼杰, 曹桂兴, 乔德山, 等. 智能热控技术及其在卫星蓄电池热管理中的应用[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2019, 40(6): 1380-1388.
HU G J, CAO G X, QIAO D S, et al.Smart Thermal Control Technology and Its Application in the Thermal Management of Satellite Battery[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2019, 40(6): 1380-1388.
[15] 李夔宁, 王靖鸿, 谢翌, 等. 锂离子电池低温复合加热策略及优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3191-3199.
LI K N, WANG J H, XIE Y, et al.Low-Temperature Compound-Heating Strategy and Optimization of Lithium-Ion Battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3191-3199.
[16] 熊瑞, 朱宇华, 张骞慧, 等. 锂离子电池低温加热技术研究进展及应用综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(22): 109-132.
XIONG R, ZHU Y H, ZHANG Q H, et al.Review on Research Progress and Application of Low-temperature Heating Techniques for Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(22): 109-132.
[17] 文楠, 周飞, 徐晓斌, 等. 电动车用锂离子电池组外部加热技术进展[J]. 电源技术, 2025, 49(2): 281-291.
WEN N, ZHOU F, XU X B, et al.Progress of External Heating Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Packs for Electric Vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 49(2): 281-291.
[18] 叶斌, 徐顺, 黄华. 高温环境下锂离子电池组热失控仿真研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(4): 52-59.
YE B, XU S, HUANG H.Simulation Study on Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Battery Modules in High Temperature Environments[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(4): 52-59.
[19] 程露, 柳亮, 叶国骏, 等. 基于Comsol的锂电池模组热失控仿真研究[J]. 武汉工程职业技术学院学报, 2024, 36(1): 1-4.
CHENG L, LIU L, YE G J, et al.Thermal Runaway Simulation of Lithium Battery Module Based on Comsol[J]. Journal of Wuhan Engineering Institute, 2024, 36(1): 1-4.
[20] 邝男男, 胡帛涛, 栗国, 等. 电池模组热扩散精准建模及高效仿真研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2024, 46(4): 652-661.
KUANG N N, HU B T, LI G, et al.Study on Accurate Modeling and Efficient Simulation of Thermal Runaway Propagation of Battery Modules[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(4): 652-661.
[21] 詹世东, 李康伟, 蔡友彬, 等. 基于Fluent的单体锂离子电池热仿真分析[J]. 时代汽车, 2021(22): 128-130.
ZHAN S D, LI K W, CAI Y B, et al.Thermal Simulation Analysis of Lithium-Ion Cell Based on Fluent[J]. Auto Time, 2021(22): 128-130.
[22] 刘振宇, 程惠尔, 孙敬良. 同步轨道遥感器热设计和热分析[J]. 中国空间科学技术, 2009, 29(3): 29-35.
LIU Z Y, CHENG H E, SUN J L.Thermal Control Design and Analysis of Remote Sensor Onboard Geostationary Satellite[J]. Chinese Space Science and Technology, 2009, 29(3): 29-35.
[23] 徐向华, 梁新刚, 陈泽敬, 等. 航天器主动热控制系统辐射散热的半物理仿真[J]. 计算机仿真, 2006, 23(8): 30-32.
XU X H, LIANG X G, CHEN Z J, et al.Semi-Physical Simulation of Radiation for Active Thermal Control System of Spacecraft[J]. Computer Simulation, 2006, 23(8): 30-32.
[24] 刘百麟, 周佐新. 热控涂层红外发射率对GEO卫星蓄电池温度波动的影响[J]. 航天器工程, 2012, 21(6): 54-59.
LIU B L, ZHOU Z X.Effect of Thermal Control Battery Temperature Coatings Infrared Emittance on Variation in GEO Satellite[J]. Spacecraft Engineering, 2012, 21(6): 54-59.
[25] 王冬, 唐明云, 韩润利, 等. 18650锂离子电池组液冷散热仿真研究[J]. 佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 41(6): 23-27.
WANG D, TANG M Y, HAN R L, et al.Simulation Study on Liquid Cooling and Heat Dissipation of 18650 Li-Ion Battery Pack[J]. Journal of Jiamusi University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 41(6): 23-27.
[26] 杜双龙, 赖延清, 贾明, 等. 圆柱锂离子动力电池电热特性仿真[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2014, 24(7): 1823-1830.
DU S L, LAI Y Q, JIA M, et al.Electrothermal Characteristics Simulation of Cylindrical Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2014, 24(7): 1823-1830.
[27] 李顶根, 邹时波, 徐鹏, 等. 不同热管理方案下锂离子电池模组温度特性分析[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2020, 10(2): 98-106.
LI D G, ZOU S B, XU P, et al.Analysis of Temperature Characteristics of Lithium Ion Battery Modules under Different Thermal Management Schemes[J]. Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2020, 10(2): 98-106.
[28] 王世学, 张宁, 高明. 动力汽车用锂电池热管理系统仿真分析[J]. 热科学与技术, 2016, 15(1): 40-45.
WANG S X, ZHANG N, GAO M.Simulation Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management in EV[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2016, 15(1): 40-45.
[29] 喻云泰, 李晓杰, 张志文, 等. 高温诱发锂离子电池热失控仿真研究[J]. 重庆理工大学学报, 2023, 37(10): 142-149.
YU Y T, LI X J, ZHANG Z W, et al.Simulation Research on Thermal Runaway of Lithium Ion Batteries Induced by High Temperature[J]. Journal of Chongqing Institute of Technology, 2023, 37(10): 142-149.
[30] 段艳丽, 王志飞. 空间锂离子电池温度特性研究[J]. 电源技术, 2014, 38(9): 1615-1616.
DUAN Y L, WANG Z F.Study on Temperature Characteristics of Space Li-Ion Cell[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 38(9): 1615-1616.
[31] 程冰冰, 程臣, 盘毅. 添加剂LiBOB对锂离子电池存储性能影响研究[J]. 船电技术, 2022, 42(10): 73-75.
CHENG B B, CHENG C, PAN Y.Study on Influences of LiBOB as Additive on the Storage Performances of Lithium-Ion Battery[J]. Marine Electric & Electronic Technology, 2022, 42(10): 73-75.
[32] 谢晓华, 解晶莹, 夏保佳. 锂离子电池低温充放电性能的研究[J]. 化学世界, 2008, 49(10): 581-583.
XIE X H, XIE J Y, XIA B J.Study on the Charge and Discharge Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries at Low Temperature[J]. Chemical World, 2008, 49(10): 581-583.
[33] 王玲玲, 陈昕, 石宝强. 影响锂离子电池循环寿命的因素[J]. 电源技术, 2019, 43(10): 1737-1739.
WANG L L, CHEN X, SHI B Q.Factors Affecting Cycle Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 43(10): 1737-1739.
[34] 杨莹莹, 魏学哲, 刘耀锋. 车用锂离子电池低温性能研究[J]. 机电一体化, 2016, 22(6): 30-35.
YANG Y Y, WEI X Z, LIU Y F.Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Performance Research at Low Temperature[J]. Mechatronics, 2016, 22(6): 30-35.